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Breast cancer - Coggle Diagram

- - - - overlies the pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and external oblique muscles
  - - - milk production
    - - most of the other tissues that make up and support the breast
        
        cooper ligament
    - - about 20 mammary ducts open into the surface of the nipple
        
        drain milk from different segments of the breast
    - - at the end of each mammary duct are a number of lobules that consist of multiple acini
        
        milk producing glands
    - - covering skin
        
        Areola
        
        Nipple
      - stroma
        
        inter-lobar septa
        
        inter-lobular septa
        
        Adipose connective tissue
        
        loose connective tissue
      - parenchyma
        
        intra-lobular ducts
        
        lactiferous ducts
  - - - Anterior axillary nodes
      - Lateral axillary nodes
      - poserior axillary nodes
      - Central axillary nodes
      - Apical axillary nodes
  - - - The milk lines in the pectoral region give rise to pair of glands and the remaining milk lines disintegrate
        
        congenital anomalies
        
        Polymastia
        
        complete accessory breast
        
        Athelia
        
        absence of one or both nipples
        
        Polythelia
        
        Accessory nipples
        
        Amastia
        
        absence of one or both of the mammary glands
- - - - genetics
        
        molecular classification of breast cancer
        
        HER2-enriched
        
        Basal-like (triple negative)
        
        Luminal B
        
        Luminal A
        
        Normal-like
        
        Claudin-low
        
        most cases of breast cancers are sporadic cancers
        
        Hereditary cases are mostly caused by BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations
        
        other gene mutations like
        
        ATM
        
        P53
  - - - drinking alcohol
      - obesity
      - smoking
      - high lipid diet
      - lack of activity
- - - - large duct papilloma
      - Fibroadenoma
      - Phyllodes tumor
    - - primary
        
        epithelial (carcinoma)
        
        in-situ
        
        LCIS
        
        DCIS
        
        invasive
        
        IDC
        
        ILC
        
        others
        
        non-epithelial
        
        lymphoma
        
        Sarcoma
        
        malignant phyllodes (stromal)
      - secondary
        
        renal carcinoma
        
        melanoma
- - - - Axillary lymph node palpation
      - breast palpation
      - Inspection