Cardiovascular System Kayla Ramirez Per 2
Major components and functions of Blood
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
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Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Anatomy of the heart
Blood flow through the heart and body
ABO, Rh blood types
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Layers of the heart
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
-It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
-Blood has many different functions, including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues.
-Forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.
Functions
-Red blood cell= To carry oxygen from the lungs to every cell in the rest of the body.
-White blood cell= To fight infection by pathogens and stop disease.
Plasma= Carries the blood cells and platelets around the body.
Platelet= Broken down parts of cells that form scabs
-The ABO group consists of four possibilities:
A, B, AB, and O. The Rh type is either positive or negative.**
-Individuals with AB Positive blood are known as universal recipients because they can receive any one of the blood groups or Rh types in a blood transfusion.**
Functions of the cardiovascular system
Circulates OXYGEN and removes Carbon Dioxide.
Provides cells with NUTRIENTS.
Removes the waste products of metabolism to the excretory organs for disposal.
Protects the body against disease and infection.
Clotting stops bleeding after injury.
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tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium atextnd the right ventricle
pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
aortic valve: located between the left ventricle and the aorta
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heart: A fist-sized muscular organ in the chest that pumps blood through the body using involuntary contractions of cardiac muscle.
ventricle: One of two lower chambers of the heart that receives blood from the atria and pumps it out into pulmonary or systemic circulation, depending on side.
myocardium: The middle of the three layers forming the wall of the heart, containing cardiac muscle tissue. Innervated by the Purkinje fibers.
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Right Side
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium.
Left Side
The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood, from the lungs into the left atrium.
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Right Side
Blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve. When the ventricles are full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricles contract (squeeze).
Left Side
Blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve. When the ventricles are full, the mitral valve shuts. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricles contract (squeeze).
-Blood vessels flow blood throughout the body.
-Arteries transport blood away from the heart.
-Veins return blood back toward the heart.
-Capillaries surround body cells and tissues to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances.
ECG.
During a cardiac cycle a wave of depolarization passes from the atrial pacemaker cells over the atrium and down the AV bundle to spread through the ventricular myocardial syncytium.
Potentials from the heart are transmitted through the tissues and can be detected by electrodes to give an ECG recording.
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Arteries carry blood away from your heart.
Veins carry blood back toward your heart.
Capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins.
-A blood pressure reading of 120/80 is considered normal.
-Heart rate, also called pulse, is the number of times your heart beats per minute.
-Heart rate can change based on activity level, age, medication, and other factors throughout life.
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Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias
Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome
Congenital heart disease
Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries)
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Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Heart attack
Heart failure
Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)