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Gene expression Concept map - Coggle Diagram
Gene expression Concept map
Prokaryotic: Genes without a nucleus
Lac Operon: an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.
Lactose: a sugar present in milk. It is a disaccharide containing glucose and galactose units.
RNA Polymerase: an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. Using the enzyme helicase, RNAP locally opens the double-stranded DNA so that one strand of the exposed nucleotides can be used as a template for the synthesis of RNA, a process called transcription.
Repressor gene: a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers. A DNA-binding repressor blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thus preventing transcription of the genes into messenger RNA.
Promoter Site: DNA sequences that define where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase begins. Promoter sequences are typically located directly upstream or at the 5' end of the transcription initiation site.
Operator site:A (fixed) position on a chromosome or gene; The position occupied by a mutation within a gene.
Structural gene: a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor.
Eukaryotic: Genes with a nucleus
Transcription factors: a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
Promoter region: a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein, or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA.
Enhancers: a short regulatory elements of accessible DNA that help establish the transcriptional program of cells by increasing transcription of target genes.
Methylation:a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. When located in a gene promoter, DNA methylation typically acts to repress gene transcription
Acetylation: an organic esterification reaction with acetic acid. It introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound. Such compounds are termed acetate esters or acetates. Deacetylation is the opposite reaction, the removal of an acetyl group from a chemical compound.
Epigentics:the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
Capsa technique in molecular biology for the analysis of genetic markers. It is an extension to the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to more quickly analyse the results.
Tails: a long chain of adenine nucleotides that is added to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule during RNA processing to increase the stability of the molecule. Immediately after a gene in a eukaryotic cell is transcribed, the new RNA molecule undergoes several modifications known as RNA processing.
Introns:a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Exons:a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
Alternative Splicing:an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.