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The Islamic World in the Middle Ages - Coggle Diagram
The Islamic World in the Middle Ages
Ethics
Religious Differences
Within Islam
Islam split into schools of thoughts which were favored in different periods of time.
Shia vs Sunni
Relationships with Non-Muslims
Non-muslims were usually allowed to practice their religion and abide by their own customs
With time, Jews and Christians became more ingrained in the society and were able to negotiate favorable policies with the Caliphate
These rights and freedoms were given when non-Muslims payed a tax (jizya) and accepted Muslim rule.
Led to many converts
Did not have the same rights and privileges as muslims, restrictions on their dress, public religious display, professions, and places of worship, also payed higher taxes.
Possible persecution of non-muslims (depends on time period and political context)
Hierarchical System
Divided into social classes depending on religion, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic power.
Women's rights varied and depended on political context and class
People's lives were defined by their religion, ethnicity, religion, social class and gender.
Networks of Cooperation
Organized military, used for conquering regions and spreading religion
Technological and scientific advancements
Translating ancient Greek texts and perfecting the Arab language
Advancements in architecture and engineering
Creation of universities and medical schools
Conflicts and Chronology
632 AD: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dies two years after conquering Mecca, which became the Islamic capital. At this point most Arabia had converted to Islam.
632 - 650 AD: Era of the "Rightly Guided Caliphs" where the successors of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ruled the Arab empire, centered in Mecca and Medina.
661 - 750 AD: The Omayyad Caliphate rule the Arab Empire, now centered in Damascus
717 - 718 AD: Muslims attempt to invade Constantinople (capital of the Byzantine Empire).
750 AD: Abbasids take control of the Muslim Empire, the Golden Age of Islam begins.
1055 AD: Seljuk Turks convert to Islam and begin attacking Christian territories, erupting conflicts between Christians and Muslims
1096 - 1291 AD: Crusades
1299 AD: Ottoman Dynasty is founded
Culture
During the Medieval Ages the Islamic World was at it's cultural and scientific peak.
Known for intricate pottery, mosaics and sculptures.
Arab music and instruments inspired Europe