ART IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY
Art
Reflected the
economic, technological and social changes during industrialisation
New architectural tendencies
made use of materials provided by the new industries
steel and concrete
the beginning of modern architecture
CAST-IRON ARCHITECTURE
1850-1890
used iron as a building material
Eiffel Tower in Paris
designed by Gustave Eiffel
iron and steel industry produced it
In Spain
Velázquez Bosco built the Crystal Palace in Madrid
MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE
1890-1920
new materials
iron, reinforced concrete and glass
as construction and decorative materials
architects designed every aspect of the building
Curves and wavy lines
with organic motifs
such as flowers and leaves
In Europe
Modernist architect Hector Guimard
designed the Paris metro entrances
In Spain
Antonio Gaudí (1852–1926)
hexagonal balconies and curved structures with concrete
Casa Batlló, the Casa Milà, the Sagrada Familia and the Park Güell
all are in Barcelona
REALISM
cultural movement 1850-1870
show scenes from everyday life
especially of the working class
a socially conscious art
it portrayed
the hard working conditions of the labourers
the social and economic situation
sculpture
bronze works of Constantin Meunier
painting
Honoré Daumier
Jean François Millet
Gustave Courbet
In Spain
Martí i Alsina (La siesta)
IMPRESSIONISM
a style of painting and sculpture
began in France in 1870
an experimental style
tried to create an impression' in the minds of the viewers
landscapes, dances, and walks
the beginning of modern art
depicted the effect of light on objects
technique was innovative, using unmixed colours
Paint was applied in thick
overlapping layers, with fast, loose brushstrokes
most important Impressionists
Édouard Manet
August Renoir
Claude Monet
In Spain
August Renoir
Dario Regoyos
In sculpture, Auguste Rodin
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
each painter had their own style
From 1890 onwards
most important Post-Impressionist artists
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Edgar Degas
Vincent van Gogh
Paul Cézanne
geometric shapes --> cylinders and spheres