Industrial Era
Dry Plates
Overall Usage:
Popularity:
Widely adopted by 1879 that the first dry plate factory had been established.
Uses a glass plate coated with a gelatin emulsion of Silver Bromide.
An improvement to the Wet Collodion process.
Can be factory produced.
Was factory produced when introduced by Dr. Richard L. Maddox.
Discovered and invented by Joseph Sawn and then improved by George Eastman.
Joseph Sawn noticed that heat increased the sensitivity of the silver bromide emulsion.
Telegraphy
Telephone
Phonograph
Film
Gramophone
long-distance broadcast of textual or symbolic messages.
It assumes both sender and receiver know the encoding system of the message.
Most notable one is the Electric Telegraph
Uses the Morse code.
"Pre-Electric Telegraph"
Waving of flags
Drums
Smoke
Rays of sunlight.
It started from testing in the field of electricity. Then in 1832, Samuel F.B. Morse became interested in it's possibilities of electric telegraphy and made sketches of ideas for the system. In 1835 he made a system of dots and dashes as the Alphabet.
optical telegraph
A telecommunication device that allows users to administer a conversation with another user.
It transforms sound into electronic signals appropriate for transmission via cable or other transmission media over lengthy distances, and reruns the signals instantaneously in audible form to its recipient.
Invented and patented by Alexander Graham Bell, so using his method of making a different version of the telephone would cost a fee.
In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the first working “Phonograph” that can record and reproduce sound.
It works by making sounds using the vibration of a stylus, or needle, and letting it scratch on a tinfoil can while it is being rotated. To hear the sound, it would be rotated back to the beginning, change it to the hearing piece and the stylus will play back the sound.
It reproduces sounds by means of the vibration of a stylus, or needle, following a groove on a disc that's rotating on a gramophone.
It uses a cylinder.
It uses a flat circular plane or disc that can be molded with the stylus to put the recorded grooves on the disc..
In 1886, Emile Berliner invented the Gramophone.
Film in the 1890s were under a minute-long.
Also called “Movie”, “Motion Picture”, “Theatrical Film”, "Photoplay".
In 1872, Leland Standford the former governor of California made a bet with another bigwig that a horse at full gallop raises all four hooves off the ground at some point.
Films started in the 1890s
Standford commissioned a photographer and inventor named Eadweard Muybridge to find photographic proof.
Muybridge set up twelve cameras along a racetrack, each triggered by a tripwire to capture a still image of a horse in motion.
film started out as a collection of still images viewed one after another in rapid succession, which creates the illusion of motion.
It started with the first camera. Or boom of photography.
The invention of movies was created from multiple inventors who were trying to shorten the exposure time of chemicals from light, as well as made it onto paper instead of metal and glass. And then Eadweard Muybridge was commissioned to picture a horse and a horse rider in motion. This experiment launched a wave of “motion studies”, photographers and inventors all over the world began using new technologies to break down continuous motion into individual images.
The Kinetograph and the Kinetoscope that were used to capture and exhibit the very first moving pictures.
Instead of tripwires like Muybridge, In 1882 Étienne-Jules Marey invented the "Chronophotographic gun"
Invented by Thomas Edison and helped with William Kennedy Laurie Dickson. In 1891.
World's First motion picture camera.
In 1891, Thomas Edison and his assistant William Kennedy Laurie Dickson invented the Kinetograph and the Kinetoscope.
12 Photos per second
(1878) Inventors made a movie to scientifically answer a popularly debated question during this era: Are all four of a horse's hooves ever off the ground at the same time while the horse is galloping?
The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th individual images in the video proved that they indeed were. This experiment was the first motion picture made and inspired other inventors to do motion studies.
Motion Photography is born.
Earliest surviving motion-picture film, showing consecutive action is called Roundhay Garden Scene (1888). 2 seconds
In 1895, the Arrival of the Train film has been produced by Auguste Lumiere and Louis Lumière. This was the earliest popular movie. 50-second silent film.
Lumiere Brothers.
Cinematogrophe
Kinetograph, the camera.
The Kinetoscope - A single-viewer exhibition device that you use to watch Kinetograph films.
Cinematographe means "Writing with movement"
It was lighter than the Kinetograph. Less hard to move.
Can project to a screen, so a bunch of people can watch the film at the same time.
Light-weight | It was light enough for one person to carry.
The camera is operated by a hand crank, which didn't rely on an electric power source.
It uses the same 35 mm film as Edison's Kinetograph.
Develop Films | It can develop the film that it shot.
Reconfigure to a Projection Machine | Once the film has been developed, it can be reconfigured into a projection machine.
No electricity needed | It only uses man-power and a light source to project the film.
Made in 1882.
No one planned to make a movie.
The inventors don't know what they're doing in films.
In 1895, Louis and Auguste Lumiere gave birth to the big screen thanks to their revolutionary camera and projector, the Cinematographe.
Films Made with the Cinematographe:
Employees Leaving the Lumiere Factory (1895)
The Arrival of the Train (1896)