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Industrial Era - Coggle Diagram
Industrial Era
Film
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Also called “Movie”, “Motion Picture”, “Theatrical Film”, "Photoplay".
In 1872, Leland Standford the former governor of California made a bet with another bigwig that a horse at full gallop raises all four hooves off the ground at some point.
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Standford commissioned a photographer and inventor named Eadweard Muybridge to find photographic proof.
Muybridge set up twelve cameras along a racetrack, each triggered by a tripwire to capture a still image of a horse in motion.
film started out as a collection of still images viewed one after another in rapid succession, which creates the illusion of motion.
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The invention of movies was created from multiple inventors who were trying to shorten the exposure time of chemicals from light, as well as made it onto paper instead of metal and glass. And then Eadweard Muybridge was commissioned to picture a horse and a horse rider in motion. This experiment launched a wave of “motion studies”, photographers and inventors all over the world began using new technologies to break down continuous motion into individual images.
The Kinetograph and the Kinetoscope that were used to capture and exhibit the very first moving pictures.
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In 1891, Thomas Edison and his assistant William Kennedy Laurie Dickson invented the Kinetograph and the Kinetoscope.
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Instead of tripwires like Muybridge, In 1882 Étienne-Jules Marey invented the "Chronophotographic gun"
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(1878) Inventors made a movie to scientifically answer a popularly debated question during this era: Are all four of a horse's hooves ever off the ground at the same time while the horse is galloping?
The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th individual images in the video proved that they indeed were. This experiment was the first motion picture made and inspired other inventors to do motion studies.
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Earliest surviving motion-picture film, showing consecutive action is called Roundhay Garden Scene (1888). 2 seconds
In 1895, the Arrival of the Train film has been produced by Auguste Lumiere and Louis Lumière. This was the earliest popular movie. 50-second silent film.
Lumiere Brothers.
Cinematogrophe
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Can project to a screen, so a bunch of people can watch the film at the same time.
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The camera is operated by a hand crank, which didn't rely on an electric power source.
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Reconfigure to a Projection Machine | Once the film has been developed, it can be reconfigured into a projection machine.
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In 1895, Louis and Auguste Lumiere gave birth to the big screen thanks to their revolutionary camera and projector, the Cinematographe.
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Phonograph
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In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the first working “Phonograph” that can record and reproduce sound.
It works by making sounds using the vibration of a stylus, or needle, and letting it scratch on a tinfoil can while it is being rotated. To hear the sound, it would be rotated back to the beginning, change it to the hearing piece and the stylus will play back the sound.
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Telephone
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It transforms sound into electronic signals appropriate for transmission via cable or other transmission media over lengthy distances, and reruns the signals instantaneously in audible form to its recipient.
Invented and patented by Alexander Graham Bell, so using his method of making a different version of the telephone would cost a fee.
Gramophone
It reproduces sounds by means of the vibration of a stylus, or needle, following a groove on a disc that's rotating on a gramophone.
It uses a flat circular plane or disc that can be molded with the stylus to put the recorded grooves on the disc..
In 1886, Emile Berliner invented the Gramophone.