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Cardiovascular System Arianna Reyes P.1 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System Arianna Reyes P.1
Major Components and Functions of Blood
Carries oxygen to different organ structures of the body
Leukocytes
: White blood cells, and are the only formed element that is complete cell with nuclei organelles
Leukocytosis
: Increase in production of WBC to create a normal response to infection
Leukopoiesis
: Production of WBCs stimulated by 2 chemical messengers from bone marrow
Interleukins
Colony-stimulating factors
Platelets
: Form temporary platelet plug that helps seal breaks in blood vessels
Platelet formation: thrimbopoietin
Hemostasis
: Fast series of reactions for stoppage of bleeding
3 steps: vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation
ABO, Rh Blood types
AB receives: A, B, AB, O
B receives: B & O
A receives: A & O
O receives: O
Blood may contain preformed anti-A or B antibodies (agglutinins)
Major Functions of Cardiovascular
The cardiovascular system delivers nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and other important substances to organs and cells in the body
Anatomy of Heart
Internal features (4 chambers)
2 superior atria
2 inferior ventricles
Interatrial septum
: separates atria
Interventricular septum
: separates ventricles
Surface features
Coronary sulcus
Anterior int. sulcus
Posterior int. sulcus
Ventricles (Right and Left)
Trabeculae carneae
: irregular grooves of muscles on walls
Papillary muscles
: project into vent. cavity
Atrioventricular valves
: prevent backflow into atria when ventricles contract
Semilunar valves
: prevent backflow from arteries into ventricles
Pulmonary SL
Aortic SL
Layers of Heart
Epicardium
: visceral layer of serious pericardium
Myocardium
: circular bundles of contractile cardiac cells
Endocardium
: inner most layer of the heart; lines the atrias
Blood Flow Through Heart and Body
Right Side
Sup. and inf. vena cava > coronary sinus, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right vent, pulmonary SL, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lungs
Left Side
4 pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral (bicuspid) valve, left vent, aortic SL, aorta, systemic circulation
Struct. and Func. Differences Between Blood Vessel Types
Blood vessels
: delivery system of dynamic structures that begins & ends and the heart
Arteries
: carry blood from heart; oxygenated exept pulmonary circulation
Capillaries
: direct contact with tissue cells
Veins
: carry blood to the heart; deoxygenated except pulmonary circulation
All have 3 layers, excluding capillaries: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica exterma
Capillaries have endothelium with sparse basal lamina
Arteries run deep, whereas veins are deep and superficial
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
Electrocardiogram
: graphic recording of electrical activity
P wave
: depolarization of SA node & atria
QRS complex
: ventricular depolarization & atrial repolarization
T wave
: vent. repolarization
P-R interval
: beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation
S-T segment
: entire ventricular myocardium depolarized
Q-T interval
: beginning of ventricular depolarization through vent. repolarization
Cardiac Cycle
Systole
: period of heart contraction
Diastole
: period of heart relaxation
Cardiac cylce
: blood flow to the heart during one complete heartbeat
Major Blood Vessels
Superior and Inferior vena cava deliver blood above and below the diaphram
Aorta: largest artery in body
Pulmonary
: short loop that from from heart to lung and back to the heart
Systemic
: long loop to the entire body and back to heart
Vital Signs
Pulse, BP, respiratory rate, and body temperature are vital signs
Radial pulse (wrist)
: most used
Pulse
: throbbing of arteries due to difference in pulse pressures, which is felt under skin
Disorders of Cardiovascular System
Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
: prolonged coronary blockage
Stenotic valve
: fails to open completely which leads to backflow of blood
Tachycardia
: abnormally fast heart rate
Bradycardia
: heart rate slower than 60 beats/min
Congestive heart failure
: progressive condition; CO is so low that blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs
Varicose veins
: dilated and painful veins due to leaky valves
Hypertension
: elevated BP of 140/90 mm Hg
Hypotension
: BP lower than 90/60 mm Hg
Hypovelmic shock
: large scale blood loss