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Isaiah Castro,
Period 1
Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Isaiah Castro,
Period 1
Cardiovascular System
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ABO, Rh blood types
Rh blood types refers to blood being either POSITIVE or NEGATIVE.
BLOOD GROUPS: A, B, AB, and O.
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HEART Anatomy
FOUR CHAMBERS: Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle.
FOUR VALVES: Tricuspid Valve, Pulmonary Semilunar Valve, Bicuspid/Mitral Valve, Aortic Semilunar Valve.
RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART: Superior Vena Cava/ Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus, Right Atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Semilunar Valve, Pulmonary Trunk, Pulmonary Arteries
LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART: 4 Pulmonary Veins, Left Atrium, Bicuspid/Mitral Valve, Left Ventricle, Aortic Semilunar Valve, Aorta, Systemic circulation.
HEART Layers
LAYERS of the Heart WALL
1.Epicardium
2.Myocardium: Circular spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells.
3.Endocardium: Continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels.
COVERINGS of the Heart
Pericardium: double-walled.
-deep two-layered serous pericardium.
1.Fibrous Pericardium
2.Parietal Layer: of serous pericardium
3.Visceral Layer EPICARDIUM: two layer separated by fluid-filled pericardial cavity.
Bloodflow
STARTING AT THE LUNGS FOR OXYGEN RICH BLOOD:
1.Oxygen rich blood into Lungs.
2.Oxygen rich blood into Pulmonary Veins.
3.Oxygen rich blood out from Aorta.
4.Oxygen rich blood in Arteries.
5.Oxygen rich blood in Arterioles.
6.Oxygen rich blood into body tissue.
STARTING AT THE BODY TISSUES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE RICH BLOOD:
1.Carbon Dioxide rich blood in from body tissue.
2.Carbon Dioxide rich blood in Venules.
3.Carbon Dioxide rich blood in Veins.
4.Carbon Dioxide rich blood into Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus.
5.Carbon Dioxide rich blood out from Pulmonary Arteries
6.Carbon Dioxide rich blood out from Lungs.
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Cardiac Cycle and ECG
ECG
P Wave: depolarization of SA node & atria
QRS Complex: ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
T Wave: ventricular repolarization
P-R interval: beginning of atrial & ventricular excitation
S-T segment: entire ventricular myocardium depolarized
Q-T interval: beginning of ventricular depolarization through repolarization.
CARDIAC CYCLE
MECHANICAL EVENTS:
-Systole: period of heart contraction.
-Distole: period of heart relaxation.
Sinoatrial node (SA): pacemaker in right atrium wall; impulses about 75x/minute, impulse spreads across atria and AV node.
Atrioventricular node (AV): in inferior interatrial septum.
Atrioventricular bundle: only electrical connection between atria & ventricles in superior interatrial septum.
Right & Left bundle branches: carry impulses to apex of the heart; two pathways in interventricular septum.
Subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje Fibers): complete pathway through interventricular septum into apex and ventricular walls.
Major BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES:
BRANCHING FROM AORTA:
-Brachiocephalic trunk
-Common Cartoid artery (near neck)
-Subclavian artery
FOLLOWS SPINE:
-Thoracic artery
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac artery
Femoral artery
Anterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
VEINS:
Brachiocephalic vein
Internal/External jugular veins
Subclavian vein
Superior/Internal Vena Cava
Common iliac vein
Internal/External iliac vein
Femoral vein
Great Saphenous vein
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