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Cardiovascular System Pablo Collazo Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
Pablo Collazo
Period 1
Blood
Components of Blood
Plasma: 55%; least dense
Leukocytes (WBC) and Platelets: <1%
Erythrocytes (RBC): around 45%, most dense
Functions of Blood
Transport
Oxygen and nutrients to body cells
Wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
Hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
Protection
Preventing blood loss
Preventing infection
Regulation
Maintaining body temp by absorbing and distributing heat
Maintaining pH using buffers
Maintaining adequate fluid volume
Blood Types
ABO Blood Groups
Determined by antigens surrounding
it (A,B) may contain A or B antibodies
A: has A antigens and Anti-B antibodies
B: has B antigens and Anti-B antibodies
AB: has A and B antigens but no antibodies
O: has no antigens with Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
Rh factor
Positive = has the protein
Negative = doesn't have the protein
Positive can receive negative but negative only receives negative
Major Functions
Transporting oxygen and nutrients to the body
Regulation of body temperature
Protect body of disease and infection
Removes wastes from the body
Clotting stops bleeding after injury
Anatomy of the Heart
Arteries
Aorta
1) Brachiocephalic trunk
2) Left common carotid artery
3) Left subclavian artery
Pulmonary artery
Coronary artery
Veins
Left and right pulmonary veins
Superior and inferior vena cava
Great cardiac vein
Chambers
Ventricles
Right ventricle and left ventricle
Atria
Right atrium and left atrium
Auricles
Right auricle and left auricle
Valves
Tricuspid
Mitral/Bicuspid
Aortic semilunar
Pulmonary
Layers of the Heart
Pericardium
: double-layered sac
that surrounds heart
Parietal layer
Visceral Layer (Epicardium)
Heart wall layers
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Blood flow
Oxygen-poor blood
(Body to lungs)
Body
Superior and Inferior vena cava
RIght atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary artery
1 more item...
Oxygen-rich blood
(Lungs to body)
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid/Mitral valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic semi-lunar valve
Aorta
1 more item...
Differences between
blood vessels
Arteries:
carry blood
away from heart
Elastic arteries:
thick walled and low-resistance lumen; expand and recoil when heart pumps blood
Muscular arteries:
deliver blood to organs; account for most named arteries
Arterioles:
smaller arteries that lead to capillary beds
Veins:
carry blood
towards heart
Venous valves:
prevent backflow of blood
Venous sinuses:
flattened veins with very thin walls
Capillaries:
direct contact with tissue cells
and supply almost every cell
Endothelium with sparse basal lamina
So small only one RBC can pass through at a time
Arteries and veins have:
Tunica intima:
has contact with blood; reduces friction
Tunica media:
mostly smooth muscle and thin elastin; controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Tunica externa:
moslty composed of collagen fibers to protect and reinforce wall and anchor it to surrounding structures
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
ECG:
Instrument that detects electrical currents
generated by the heart
Systole:
period of heart contraction
Cardiac Cycle:
blood flow through heart during one complete heartbeat
Atrial systole and ventricular diastole, ventricular systole and atrial diastole, then complete cardiac diastole.
Diastole:
period of heart relaxation
Major Blood Vessels
Arteries
Common carotid, subclavian, brachiocephalic
Axillary, brachial, ulnal, radial
Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta,
Common iliac, femoral, anterior tibial, fibular
Veins
Internal jugular, external jugular, brachiocephalic, subclavian
Brachial, ulnal, radial (Deep), cephalic and basilic (Superficial)
Superior and inferior vena cava
Internal iliac, external iliac, common iliac, femoral (deep),
great saphenous (superficial)
Vital Signs
Blood
Pressure
Systolic Pressure:
pressure exerted in aorta during contraction, normally less than 120 mm Hg
Diastolic Pressure:
lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest; normally less than 80 mm Hg
Pulse
Taken at the wrist (radial pulse) or at the pressure points
Disorders of the
Cardiovascular System
Heart murmurs:
abnormal heart sounds heard when blood hits obstructions
Tachychardia:
abnormally fast heart rate (>100 beats/min)
Brachycardia:
heart rate slower than 60 beats/min
Congestive heart failure (CHF):
Cardiac output so low that blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs
Edema
: abnormal increase in amount of interstitial fluid
Hypertension:
Sustained elevated arterial pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher
Hypotension:
Low blood pressure below 90/60 mm Hg
Circulatory Shock:
Condition where blood vessels inadequately fill and can't circulate blood normally