Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System Adriana Bonilla Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System Adriana Bonilla Period 1
Major components and functions of blood
Transport: delivers O2 and nutrients to body cells, transports metabollic wastes for elimination, and transports hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
Regulation: maintains body temp through absorbing and distributing heat, maintains normal pH buffers and maintains adequate fluid volume in circulatory system
Protection: prevents blood loss and infection through agents of immunity (antibodies, complement proteins, and white blood cells)
Components: Only fluid tissue in body, type of CT: nonliving fluid called plasma (matrix), cells are living blood cells known as formed elements: erythrocyes (RBC's), leukocytes(WBC's), and plaeles
ABO, Rh blood types
ABO: presence or absence of 2 agglutinogens (A & B) on the surface of red blood cells. May contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies
Rh; inherited protein found on surface of red blood cells. Most common blood type. Of body lacks the protein it results in Rh negative if you have it you're Rh positiv.
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Supplies body with oxygen and nutrients to every cell while also removing carbon dioxide and wastes.
Pulmonary circuit: pumps blood to lungs to get rid of CO2 and getting oxygen (Right side: receives O2-poor blood from tissues)
Systemic circuit: Pumps blood to body (Left side: recieve O2 blood from lungs)
Anatomy of the heart
Aorta:pumps blood throughout the whole body. Last vessel before bood goes through heart
Pulmonary valve: leads into artery where blood enters lungs.
Tricuspid valve: 1 of 4 chambers. Blood passes through to reach right ventricle. Prevents back flow of blood from occurring and keeps flow in correct direction.
Aortic valve: Last valve of heart and prevents back flow of blood and continues the direction of blood flow through the aorta
Bicuspid valve: prevents back flow of blood and continues to the left ventricle
Pulmonary Vein: receives oxygenated blood from lungs and continue blood flow through heart
Pulmonary artery Leads blood to lungs and once it goes through the blood becomes oxygenated.
Superior and inferior vena cava: Top to bottom of heart. Leads deoxygenated blood to right atrium
Left ventricle: left side of heart. Last chamber of blood flow. Prepares blood to go through whole body before entering aorta
Left atrium: 3rd chamber in blood flow. Pumps oxygenated blood into left ventricle
Right ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary valve after receiving it
right atrium: receives deoxygenated blood and transfers it to the left ventricle
Interventricular sulcus: diagonal line on the outside of the heart separating left from the right side
interventricular septum: separates the right and left ventricles on the inside of the heart
Apex: tip at the bottom of the heart. Indicator for posterior or anterior side of heart
Base: Top of the heart. Includes trunks and valves of the heart
auricles: collects blood. Connected to the atriums and is slightly above them externally,
Brachiocephallic trunk: Supplies superior portion of body with blood which includes the head and neck
Cornary veins and arteries: Provide heart with blood
Layers of the heart
Endocardium: innermost layer. Continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels and lines heart chambers
Myocardium: spiral or circular bundles of contractile cardiac muscles (middle layer
Epicardium: Visceral layer of serous pericardium
Blood flow through the heart and body
Right atrium 2. Tricuspid valve 3. Right ventricle 4. Pulmonary Valve 5. Pulmonary Vein 6. Lungs 7. Pulmonary Veins 8. left atrium 9. Bicuspid Valve 10. Left ventricle 11. Aortic Valve 12. Aorta
Structural and functional difference between blood vessel types
Capillaries: Thin walls, support almost all cells, exchange nutrients, wastes, gasses, & hormones, allows for only one RBC to pass through (microscopic). Capillary wall: capillaries between arterioles and venules
Veins: thinner tha arteries, Carry blood to body. Venules are united capillaries that form larger veins
Arteries: deliver oxygenated blood to body. Elastic arteries: Larger thick walled that act as reservoir sand expand as blood ejects from heart. Muscular arteries: generic arteries that are active in vasoconstriction and deliver blood to organs. Arterioles(resistance arteries) : smallest type of artery which controls flow into capillary beds>
Major Blood vessels
Blood vessels: delivery system of dynamic structures that begin and end at heart
Arteries: carry blood away from heart, OXYGENATED except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus
Capillaries: direct contact with tissue cells. serves cellular needs directly
Veins: carry blood TOWARD heart. deoxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and
umbilical vessels of fetus
cardiac cycle and EEG
ECG: (electrocardiogram) fraphic recording of electrical activity. Electrodes get placed on all part of body to measure voltage differences (12 is most typical). Composite of every action potential at a given time
Cardiac Cycle: blood flow of heart during one full heart beat. represent a series of blood volume and pressure changes. Mechanical events follow those seen on ECG. The atrial systole and diastole are followed by by ventricular systole and diastole
Vital signs
Blood Pressure: (BP) taken to calculate is someones blood pressure is too high or too low
Respiration rate: amount of breathes taken in one min. Indicates whether breathing rate is normal, too low, or too high
Pulse: taken at multiple sites of body. Indicates the rhythem of thr heart. Normal rate is between 60 to 100 bpm
Disorder of the cardiovascular systems
Heart murmur: abnormal heart sounds when blood hits obstructions. Indicates valve problems whether its insufficient/incompetent valve which fails to close completely or its a stenotic valve which fails to open completely
Tachycardia: abnormally fast heart rate greater than 100 beats per min. May lead to fibrillation
Bradycardia: abnormall slow heart rate less than 60 beats per min. Can lead to inadequate blood circularion
Congestive heart failure(CHF): CO is so low that blood circulation doesn't meet tissue needs. Reflects weakened myocardium caused by Coronary atherosclerosis which are clogged arteries caused by fat buildup