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bone, bone cells - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the dense wall of the shaft
      - contains the medullary cavity
    - - the ends covered with what?
        
        hyaline cartilage
    - - ossified line forms in adult
- - - - red BM: makes blood
      - yellow BM: stores fat
- - - - fibrous layer of membrane covers the outer surface of bone except where?
        
        epiphyses
      - has 2 sublayers
        
        outer fibrous layer of dense irregular C.T
        
        inner cellular osteogenic layer
      - its function is to supply nutrition for the bone and continuous supply of new osteoblasts
      - how to know whether the periosteum is active or not ?
        
        the number and size of osteoblast
        
        active osteoblast are large, broad, spindle-shaped or cuboidal cells with abundant basophilic
        cytoplasm
    - - covers the internal bone surfaces
      - osteogenic
- - - - Composed of cells, collagen fibers and other organic matrix constituents (osteoid)
      - Collagen makes up over 90% of the organic component
      - Contribute to the flexibility and tensile strength
      - Other organic matrix: ground substance proteoglycans and non-collagen molecules
    - - Mineral crystals salts Primarily calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatites)
      - Lie in and around the collagen fibrils in ECM
      - Conjugated to a small proportion of magnesium carbonate, sodium and potassium ions.
      - Giving bone rigidity, strength and hardness
- - - - direct replacement of
        mesenchymal tissue by bone
      - skull bones, clavicle and sesamoid bone
    - - modeled in hyaline cartilage
        then replaced by bone tissue
      - all the rest of bones
- - - - network of fine, irregular
        plates separated by intercommunicating spaces