Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular system Melissa Figuero Per 1 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular system
Melissa Figuero
Per 1
Major components/functions of blood
functions
transportation of oxygen and nutrients to body cells; metabolic wastes to lungs/kidneys
regulation of body temp/ pH/ fluid volume in circulatory system
protection from infection/ preventing blood loss
components
plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
ABO, Rh blood types
blood groups
AB (can receive A, AB, B, O)
B (can receive B, O)
A (can receive A, O)
O (can receive O)
Major functions of cardiovascular system
transports oxygen/nutrients/gases to body cells
remove carbon dioxide
removes/eliminates waste products
prevents blood loss via clotting
protects body from infection
maintain stable body temp/pH balance
maintain fluid balance
Anatomy of blood flow
superior/inferior vena cava
right/left atria
right/left ventricles
tricuspid/bicuspid valve
pulmonary semilunar/aortic semilunar valve
aorta (brachiocephalic artery/carotid artery/subclavian artery)
pulmonary veins
pulmonary arteries
interventricular sulcus/septum
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
base
apex
Layers of heart
endocardium: innermost layer that lines the chambers
myocardium: bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
epicardium: visceral layer of serous pericardium
Blood flow of heart
left side
pulmonary veins --> left atrium --> bicuspid valve --> left ventricle --> aortic semilunar valve --> aorta --> rest of body
right side
superior/inferior vena cava --> right atrium --> tricuspid valve --> right ventricle --> pulmonary semilunar valve --> pulmonary trunk --> pulmonary arteries --> lungs
Structural/functional differences between blood vessel types
arteries
elastic: thick walls; expand and recoil as blood is ejected from heart
muscular: active in vasoconstriction; deliver blood to body organs
arterioles: smallest of all; control flow into capillary beds (via vasoconstriction/vasodilation)
veins: bring blood towards heart; venules have thin tunica media and thick tunica externa; blood pressure is lower than in arteries
capillaries: diameter is only big enough for 1 RBC to pass at a time; present in exchanges of gases/nutrients/wastes/hormones
Cardiac cycle and ECG
systolic pressure: pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction; average is 120 mm Hg
diastolic pressure: lowest level of aortic pressure; when heart is at rest; average is 80 mm Hg
electrocardiogram: test used to check heart rhythm and electrical activity
Major blood vessels
veins
internal/external jugular
superior/inferior vena cava
brachial
radial
subclavian
arteries
carotid
subclavian
brachiocephalic
radial
brachial
femoral
Vital signs
pulse: pressure points
blood pressure: sphygmomanometer
respiratory rate: number of breaths per min
body temp
Disorders of cardiovascular system
edema: abnormal increase in amount of interstitial fluid
hypertension: high blood pressure
hypotension: low blood pressure
heart murmurs: abnormal heart sounds
bradycardia: heart rate is slower than 60 bpm
tachycardia: abnormally fast heart rate
congestive heart failure: cardiac output so low that blood circulation doesn't meet tissue needs
hemophilia: inability to clot
anemia: blood has low oxygen carrying capacity