Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System Rov Loren Aniceto P.6 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
Rov Loren Aniceto P.6
Vital Signs
Blood Pressure(Force/unit area exerted on wall of blood vessel by blood)
Systemic: Highest in Aorta & declines through pathway,
Pumping action of heart generates blood flow
Arterial
Systolic: pressure exerted in Aorta during contraction
Diastolic: Pressure exerted in Aorta during rest
Pulse
Taking a pulse: -Radial Pulse(Wrist)
Pressure points- areas where arteries are close to body surface
Major Components/Functions of Blood
Composition
Plasma(Matrix is nonliving fluid)
Cells suspended into plasma
Formed Elements(Cells living in blood cells)
Leukocytes(WBCs)
Platelets
Erythrocytes(RBCs)
Functions
Regulation: Maintain body temp. by absorbing and distributing heat
Protection
Prevent blood loss: Plasma proteins and platelets create blood clots
Prevent Infection: Antibodies, Complement proteins, WBCs
Transportation: Delivers O2 & nutrients to body, metabolic waste to lungs & kidneys, hormones from endocrine to target organs
Anatomy of Heart
Right side(Deoxygen)
RIght Atrium
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Papillary Muscle
Chordae Tendinae
Pulmonary Semi lunar valve
Pulmonary Trunk/ Artery
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
Right Coronary Vein
Right Coronary Artery
Left Side(Oxygen)
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
Papillary Muscle
Chordae Tendinae
Aortic Valve
Aorta
Aortic Arch
Brachiocephalic Trunk
Left coronary artery
Great Cardiac Vein (Sulcus)
Other parts
Myocardium(Thickest layer on left ventricle)
Apex
Interventricular Septum(Internal)
Base(Widest portion of heart)
Interventricular Sulcus(External)
Blood Vessel Types
Arteries: carry blood away from heart
Muscular: deliver blood to organs, active in vasoconstriction
Arterioles(Smallest): Control flow into capillary beds via vasodilation & vasoconstriction of smooth muscle
Elastic:Pressure Reservoir that expand & recoil
Capillaries: Direct contact w/ tissue cells
Exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones between blood and interstitial fluid
Veins: carry blood towards heart
Cardiac Cycle/ ECG
Cardiac Cycle
Atrioventricular Node
Atrioventricular Bundle
Electrical connection between atria and ventricles
Sinoatrial Node
Pacemaker of heart in right Atrial wall
Impulse spread across atria & AV node
Right & Left Bundles
2 Pathways in interventricular septum
Carry impulse towards apex of the heart
Subendocardial Conducting Network
Completes pathway through septum into apex & ventricular walls
ECG
Can detect electrical currents generated by heart
Electrodes placed at different points on the body to measure voltage differences
Disorders of Cardiovascular System
Varicose Veins: dilated and painful leaky valves
Fibrillation: rapid, irregular contractions
Vascular shock: extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance
Hypovolemic Shock: large scale blood loss
Hypotension: low BP under 90/60 mm/Hg
Tachycardia: abnormally fast heart rate
Edema: abnormal increase in interstitial fluid
Arrythmias: abnormal heart sounds
Leukemias: Condition involving overproduction of WBCs
Pericarditis: inflammation of pericardium
Hypertension: elevated BP 140/90 mm Hg or higher
Brady Cardia: clogged arteries due ot fat buildup
Anemia: Iroon deficiency, (Thalassemias)not enough RBCs,, too much being destroyed
Heart Murmurs: Heart rate slower than 60 mm
Major Blood Vessels
Arteries
abdominal: below diaphragm
Neck, common carotid
radial: wrist
Brachiocephalic: first branch of the aorta
brachial: forearm
Thoracic: above the diaphragm
Armpit: axillary artery
common iliac: branch from aorta and separate into 2 into lower limbs
Aortic arch: between ascending and descending aorta
Clavicle: subclavian artery
Veins
axillary vein
deep veins of the heart, brachial, ulnar, radial
subclavian vein
neck: internal & external jugular vein
brachiocephalic vein
superficial vein: cephalic & basilic vein
Blood Flow of the Heart
Aorta
Upper/Lower body
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
ABO/ Rh Blood Types
4 Possibilities: A, B, AB, O
Rh type is either positive or negative, proteins on surface of RBCs
A+, receives A+, A, O+, O-
A- receives A-, O-
B+ receives B+, B-, O+, O-
B- receives B-, O-
AB+ receives all blood types
AB- receives AB-, A-, B-, O-
O+ receives O+, O-
O- receives O-(Universal donor)
Layers of Heart
Myocardium: circular/spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
Endocardium: innermost layer, lines blood vessels and heart chambers
Pericardium:Double-Walled sac surrounding heart
Parietal:lines internal surface of pericardium
Visceral
Also known as Epicardium
Lines External surface of heart
Major Functions of Cardiovascular System
Helps body demands during stress, activity, and rest
Maintains body regulation with temp
Delivers O2, nutrients, wastes, horomones to cells and body organs