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BIOLOGY, Mariella Palacios - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Visible radiation absorbed by pigments drives light reactions
      - Two photosystems connected by an electron transport chain convert light energy to the chemical energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
      - Light reactions take place within Thylakoid membranes
      - The Calvin Cycle
        
        ATP and NADPH power sugar synthesis in the calvin cycle
        
        The Significance & Photosynthesis
        
        It provides food and O2 for almost all living organisms
- - - - The large & complex chromosomes of Eukaryotes duplicate w/ each cell division
      - Cytokinesis differs for plants and animal cells.
      - Rate of cell division is affected by environmental factors
      - Meiosis and Crossing Over
        
        Chromosomes are matched in homologous pairs
        
        Meiosis reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid
        
        Gametes have a single set of chromosomes
        
        Homologous chromosomes may carry different versions of genes
        
        Alterations of Chromosome Number and Structure
        
        An extra copy of a chromosome causes Down Syndrome
        
        Accidents during meiosis can alter chromosome number
        
        A karyotype is a photographic inventory of an individuals chromosomes
        
        New species can arise from errors in cell division
        
        Alterations of chromosomes structure can cause birth defects and cancer
- - - - Chromosomes determine sex in many species
      - Sex-linked genes exhibit a unique pattern of inheritance
      - The y-chromosome provides clues about human male evolution