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Gene Regulation - Coggle Diagram
Gene Regulation
Prokaryotic Gene Expression
Lac Operon
: A lac operon is a structure that is in charge of transcribing enzymes that break down lactose
If lactose is present that means it has not been broken down yet and the lac operon will be turned on
Lactose molecules bind to the repressor protein and change the shape of it
The repressor protein is now a different shape and cannot bind to the operator
RNA polymerase can now move past the operator and bind to the promoter
The RNA polymerase can now code the structural genes which will create the enzymes needed to break down lactose
If glucose is present that means lactose has been broken down already and the lac operon will be turned off
A repressor protein binds to the operator, which is a DNA site on the lac operon
RNA polymerase, an enzyme that transcribes genes will not be able to move past because of the repressor protein binded to the operator
No genes are transcribed
Eukaryotic Gene Expression
Epigenetic control uses methylation and acetylation to allow transcription and translation to occur
DNA coils around histones to package it into the nucleus
If methyl groups are added the histones loosen the DNA making it more accessible
If acetyl groups are added to the DNA, it will wound together more tightly around the nucleosomes
Transcriptional control
Small proteins bind upstream of the gene to activate RNA polymerase
The promoter region is where the transcription factors bind. The transcription factors are responsible for turning DNA into mRNA
A loop is formed in the DNA allowing RNA polymerase to find the coding sequence
Enhancers cause extra transcription to occur during times when more of a protein is need
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