Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Second Industrial Revolution and Imperialisem, image, image, image,…
The Second Industrial Revolution and Imperialisem
IMPERIALISM
During the 19th and 20th century...
some developed countries took control of others regions and lands
It became colonies
It formed part of the various colonial empires
OBJECTIVE
Political control and economic explotation of colonies
CAUSES
Imperial expansion
It was a result of the rise of finance capitalism
The increase in production
It forced industrialised countries to look for new markets outside Europe
Reasons
colonies were a symbol of international prestige
It was also important to control strategic locations
The growth of the population in Europe and the use of machinery in factories caused high levels of unemployment
Many people emigrated to the colonies to look for work.
Emigration to the colonies
Scientific progress required geographic expeditions to unknown areas of the world
People believed in the supremacy of white people
THE COLONIAL EMPIRES
The largest colonial empires belonged to France and Great Britain
They competed with each other to gain control of colonies in
Africa and Asia
The other industrialised countries began building their colonial empires
in 1870 and 1914
THE OCCUPATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE COLONIES
During the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries
Colonisation by European powers, was limited to an exchange of goods with the indigenous population
3 stages
Political and administrative control
It was executed by a small group of Europeans
Organisation of the colonial economy
It involved the exploitation of the natural resources and the indigenous population of the colony
To supply the colonising power with raw materials and sources of energy
Occupation by conquest
They used its military advantage over the peoples or countries it wanted to conquer
Especific value
Settler colonies
socio-economic value
The majority of the population of these colonies were emigrants from the colonising country.
Protectorates
areas of strategic interest
The indigenous population maintained its own government and administration
Under the supervision of the colonising power
This ones, controlled foreign policy and the defence of the area
Exploitation colonies
The indigenous population were governed by a white minority originating from the colonising country
Thus exploited the area economically
economic value
THE CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
It had important consequences
Political
The colonies became the scene of political rivarly between the colonising powers
For dominion of territories
That sometimes lead to war
Economic
The colonies started establishing their single crop plantation
They adquired rights to extract mineral resources
Result
The imposition of a single crop and extraction economy
Indigenous artisan crafts
They dissapiared
The colonising country dominated the colonial market
Infrastructure such as ports and railways focused on importing and exporting products
The world economy was organised unequally
the exploitation of valuable resources (raw materials and sources of energy) and the organisation of trade were controlled by the colonising countries
Demographic
Social and Cultural
The colonising countries imposed Western culture
Indigenous people and their culture were relegated to a second-class status
Social and racial segregation developed
The colonists considered themselves superior to the indigenous people
COLONIAL TENSION AND CONFLICTS
ANTI-COLONIAL PROTESTS
Protest movements arose against colonialism
Some Countries
The indigenous people revolted against European exploitation
Also the disregard for their traditional cultural values
Biggest revolt
Zulu Wars against the British
Colonisining countries
Socialist parties protested against what they considered unjustified abuse
The British missionary David Livingstone, who fought against slavery in Africa
INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT
Conflicts over the colonial possessions between the colonising powers became more frequent
Berlin Conference
1884–1885
The European countries interested in controlling the Congo
Fashoda Incident
1898
Between the British and the French
Who both wanted to occupy the area, ended with a British victory.
Boer War
1899–1902
The British wanted to gain control of the area of the Cape
THE BOXER REBELLION
The Europeans made some treaties with China
Grait Britain gained control
ART IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Art reflected the economic, technological and social changes
New architectural tendencies made use of materials provided by the new industries
CAST-IRON ARCHITECTURE
Cast-iron architecture is a form of architecture
1850 and 1890
It used iron as a building material
Eiffel Tower in Paris
Designed by Gustave Eiffel
The iron and steel industry produced cast-iron
Sante Geneviève library in Paris
MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE
1890 and 1920
A new architectural style developed in Europe
Used the new materials
Modernist architects designed all the building
Interior and exterior
Tthe predominant feature were...
Curves and wavy lines
Organic motifs
Europe
The Paris metro entrances
Designed by Hector Guimard
Spain
Antonio Gaudí
1852–1926
Practised complete creative liberty
REALISM
Realism was a cultural movement
It developed in Europe
1850 and 1870
It had scenes from everyday life
It was a socially conscious art
It portrayed the hard working conditions of the labourers
It reflected the social and economic situation
Paintings
They were painted realistically
Not idealised.
Sculpture
Important
The bronze works of Constantin Meunier
painting
Jean François Millet
He painted peasants
Honoré Daumier
He painted the working class
Gustave Courbet
He painted different social classes
IMPRESSIONISM
It began in France
1870
It was an experimental style
Artists tried to create an impresion in the minds of the viewers
Begginig of the modern art
Paintings were usually painted outside
And they painted scenes of everyday life
Artists depicted the effect of light on objects at different times of the day
They used mix colours
Most important impressionists
Claude Monet
Édouard Manet
August Renoir
IN SPAIN
Joaquín Sorolla
Dario Regoyos
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism was replaced by Post-Impressionism
In 1890
There were no characteristics since all painters had their own style
Most important artists
Vincent van Gogh
They used geometric shapes
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Edgar Degas. Paul Cézanne
