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Social Developments - Coggle Diagram

- - - - position threatened by falling income of agriculture
      - some landowners forced to sell to newly rich upper middle class
      - political and social dominance in Prussia remained strong
      - pressure on national politics disproportionate to number
  - - - conscious of perceived superiority over others
    - - e.g coal miners
      - keen to support movements of reform
    - - most vulnerable to economic fluctuations and lay-offs
      - 'Lumpenproletariat'
      - largely apolitical and uninterested in revolutionary advancement
  - - - practise of dividing estate between sons
      - leave country and join towns to join working class ranks
  - - - Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine 1894 campaigned (unsuccessfully) for women's right to vote
        
        August Bebel wrote tracts for women's equality
      - 1914 - women in lower middle class seized office work
    - - factory jobs
      - sweatshops
      - 'horror stories' - prostituion and illegitimate children
    - - Upper class = charity work
      - upper middle = running home
      - dependent on husbands - no voting rights, income, etc
    - - manual labourers
      - tilled fields alongside men
- - - - better transport, advance of cinema, telephone
      - 1910 - 1000 cinemas in Germany
  - - - fortunate could deem themselves better off
- - - - junkers, military officers, factory workers
      - extended wealth and power - backbone of empire
    - - many right wing pressure groups - e.g Pan German League - had anti-semitic views.
      - ban on jewish immigration, blamed jews for growing 'liberalisation in politics'
      - influenced by Social Darwinism & work by Houston Stewart Chamberlain
  - - - expansion of military influence for 'Weltpolitik'
      - loved tradition, military uniforms, male dominated military culture
    - - troops took personal oath to Kaiser not state
      - strong military prescence = power
    - - power of aristocracy
        
        higher ranks filled with junker class - over half of officers had titles
      - Overruled Reichstag
        
        Budget
        
        1874 - budget only discussed every 7 years
        
        Germany army of 4 million men by 1914 (8 times size in 1890)
        
        expenditure reached 60 million 1913-1914
      - Zabern Affair 1913
        
        military could overrule civilian authority
        
        Wilhelm II condoned violent military actions
        
        liberal outcry