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Childhood - Coggle Diagram
Childhood
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New Sociology
Smart (2011) - children create their own childhoods, meaning that multiple childhood exist in society, like the poor childhoods, adopted childhoods or boarding childhoods etc. Children get involved in the divorce process of parents.
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Mayall (2004) - seeing childhood as a social construction means children have no control over their identities and development. And that children are seen as socialisation projects for adults.
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March of progress
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Mause (1974) - children's position in society is improving over time and are in a better position now than they were 300 years ago.
. Now have legal protection from things like child labour, abuse as well as having access to education and healthcare.
. Family is now child-centred, with their being smaller family sizes and the focal point and are consulted about decisions.
. Parents have high aspirations for their children.
Postmodern Childhood
Jenks (2005)
. Children receive more surveillance from adults in postmodern families
- Adult life is now unstable and insecure - divorce, unemployment, relationships etc
- Adults are then fearful of children's protection in this uncertain world
This leads to increased monitoring of the child's whereabouts and behaviours
- Childhood is not disappearing - it is still separate
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Social Constructs - is a concept that does not exist in reality, but has been created and constructed by society
- Social constructs depend on interpretation and change over time and space.
- A social construct is different from something which is natural or biological.
- A social construct is something which depends upon definitions which are relative and subjective.
. Examples: class, gender, age, crime and deviance
Toxic Childhood
Palmer (2007; 2010)
Technological change has damaged children's physical, psychological and emotional development
. Parent's long working hours have led to inadequate socialsation
- Junk food, social media, online games and intensice marketing
. Emphasis on school testing has led to increased pressures.
Child-Centeredness
Philip Aires (1960)
. Childhood is a modern invention
- Childhood did not exist in the middle ages (10th -13th centuries)
- Childhood was not separated from adulthood
High death rates led to indifference - new-born's would replace dead siblings
. Used artwork from the period to draw these conclusions
- 'Childhood' only comes into existence 13th century onwards
.Church promoted the idea they were fragile creatures
- 17th century develpoed 'age appropriate' clothing
- 18th century develoed chilfbearing books
. Society has become child-centred
- The world is obsessed with childhood