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Cardiovascular System By: Ricardo Hernandez P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
By: Ricardo Hernandez
P.2
Major Components of the Blood
Red Blood Cells
Can help make gas transport into the respiratory system and is one of the formed elements. Platelets, RBC, and WBC are 45% of the blood.
They can only be originated from the red bone marrow and is called erythropoiesis
White Blood Cells
White blood cells can help fight off infections to any diseases that are invading your body. It is one of the formed elements.
5 types of the WBC
Basophils
secretes heparin and histamine that can comprise inflammation
Monocytes
helps reside some tissues to help phagocytices large particles
Eosinophils
It can kill certain parasites and inflammation that can be moderate.
Lymphocyte
This can help provide immunity
Neutrophils
They are strong phagocytes that make up 50 to 70 %
Platlets
Platelets can help restore your body whenever your body is bleeding and it helps prevent that from happening. Also is called a homeostasis
Plasma
It is 55% of the blood volume and has many elements that carries such as water, proteins, and more to provide the blood.
It helps you transport nutrients and proteins around your body.
ABO, Rh blood types
ABO
Type A blood
It has A antigens on RBC membranes and Anti- B antigens in the plasma
Type AB blood
It is the universal recipient, it has both A and B antigens but is not a type of antibody of the plasma
Type B Blood
This type has B antigens on the RBC membranes and anti- A antibodies in the plasma
Type O Blood
It is the universal donor, has no antigens, and is a both type of the antigens.
RH Blood Types
Antigen D is the most common type, it can transform into Rh negative type and will develop as an anti-Rh antibodies
Rh positive and Rh negative can be touch two way by pregnancy or transfusion.
Antigens
It is a molecule to help called up an immune response into the blood cells
Antibody
It is a protein that can attack any other blood type that is not apart of the person's cells
Major Functions of the cardiovascular system
Blood Vessels
Veins
This vessels can help transport blood towards the heart
Capillaries
They are vessels that can help run through between the arteries and the Veins.
Arteries
They can help transport blood away from the heart
The Circuits
Systemic Circuit
This circuit can hep carry oxygen-rich blood to all over the body cells to make you breath a lot better.
The Pulmonary Circuit
It can carry poor-oxygen blood around it's circuit
Anatomy of the Heart
Structure of the Heart
Base
It is the top part of the heart
Apex
It is the bottom structure of the heart that is point out
Chambers of the heart
Atrium
Right Atrium
It has the tricuspid valve and it can go through the tight ventricle
Vena Cavas
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
They bring back blood into the right atrium from the systemic circuit
Left Atrium
This side has the Bicuspid valve and it can go though the left ventricle
Pulmonary veins
This helps blood can go through the left atrium
Both of them are connected to the chordae tendinae, which are also connected to the papillary muscles.
Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
It prevents back flow of your blood in the left ventricle
Aorta
It gets pumped by blood and gets into the systemic circuit into the body
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
This helps prevent back f low of your blood in the right ventricle
SIdes
The Right side
The right sides carry poor oxygen blood
The left side
The Left sides carry rich oxygen blood
Circuits
Systemic Circuit
Helps blood flow between the heart and tissue bodies
Pulmonary Circuit
Helps flow between the heart and the lungs
Layers of the Heart
Pericardium
This helps enclose the heart because it is a membranous sac
Fibrous Pericardium
It is the tough outer tissue of heart
Serous Pericardium
It is the inner, double-layered later of the heart that has many layers of itself too
Visceral Pericardium
It is the inner layer of the Serous Pericardium that is covered by the heart
Pericardial Cavity
Pericardial Cavity
This is the space between the Partial Pericardium and the Visceral Pericardium that can help reduce the tightness of the layers by using it's fluids.
Parietal Pericardium
It is the outer layer of the Serous pericardium
Wall of the Hearts
Myocardium
It is the middle layer of the heart and it helps pumps blood out of the heart chambers by it's layer
Endocardium
It is the inner layer of the heart
Epicardium
It is the outer layer of the heart, and it helps decrease hardening of the heart
Cardiac cycle and Electrocardiogram
ECG
It helps recorded your hearts by the electrical changes that happens when the cardiac cycle is activated
Components of the ECG
QRS Complex
Is the respond of the depolarization of the ventricles
T Wave
This helps respond to the ventricular repolarization
P Wave
It is the first wave of the ECG that can help respond to the depolarization of the atria.
Cardiac Cycle
Helps impulse your muscle cells
Components of the Cardiac system
AV Bundle
Since the AV Node passes from here into the Av Bundle, The Av bundle is then passed down into the inter ventricular septum
Bundle Branches
Then the Av Bundle is separated into a left and right side and it is located at the endocardium
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
When the SA Node do that then impulses are spread from the AV node and passes to the AV Bundle.
Purkinje fibers
When bundle branches are in place, purkinje fibers are then give out and they spread impulses to the ventricular wall and papillary muscles
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
This can help generate impulses for the heartbeat and is also the pacemaker
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Venules
Venules can lead up to a better formation called veins and can help return blood to the heart.
Veins
They are thinner than the arteries and have valves to prevent back flow of the blood and can restore normal Blood Pressure when your have a hemorrhage state.
Capillaries
They are blood vessels but they are smaller but can still provide help into the body
Endothelium
It s the only layer of the Capillaries
The Capillaries can help exchange nutrients, gas, and more. When blood enters the capillaries it helps diffuse waste and carbon dioxide inside the body.
Arteries
They are very strong vessels that can carry high blood pressure and there are 3 layers of it
Tunica Media
It's just a thick middle layer
Tunica External
It is the outer layer of the arteries
Tunica interna
This helps secretes fluids that can help regulate blood flow and can create a smooth like surface that can help prevents clots of your body.
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
Pulse
The common pulse are usually the radial artery, carotid artery, and branchial artery and can pulse whenever the heart is relaxed.
Blood Pressure
Arterial Blood Pressure
Systolic Pressure
This is blood pressure to the max and can be reached inside the ventricular contraction
Diastolic Pressure
It is minimum blood pressure that can be reached in the relaxation of the ventricular