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Computers - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Self developed system consist of the following steps to ensure development of the new system is done properly
        
        System specification and user needs:
        
        System design and programming standards:
        
        Testing of new system:
        
        Conversion to new system
        
        Project authorisation and management
      - Purchasing a package
        
        Where specification and selection of packages is done in order to to get one that meets the user as well as business requirements
        
        Implementation and testing of packages where the purchased package is independently tested and reviewed of experiences of other user in order to implement it meet the requirements
        
        General important information to consider when purchasing a package is to ensure that package meet user requirements etc
  - - - Complete;
      - • Valid;
      - • Properly tested;
      - • All information is backed-up and recovery procedures are in place.
  - - - Software protection for example buying the software from reputable suppliers
      - • Data file protection by installing virus detection software
      - Staff should be informed against dangers
      - Supervision and review by CIS manager as well as system investigations by internal and external audit
  - - - Terminals having limited access, shutdown after 3 unsuccessful loin attempts to name a few
      - Authorisation of users with logon IDs as weel as passwords
      - Identification of users
      - Monitor of access & processing
      - Communication lines & networks
      - Password control
      - Programme libraries
      - Utlilities:
    - - Terminals:
      - Computer hardware
      - Manual logs
      - Program libraries
      - Distributable processing
      - Logs reviewed
      - Screening & training of staff
      - Emergency access controls
  - - - • Scheduling of processing;
      - • Hardware functioning;
      - • Set-up and execution of programmes;
      - • Use correct programmes and data files;
      - • Operating procedures.
  - - - Control over the software on the PC
      - Programs which are written internally should be documented and tested
      - Acquisition and development controls
      - Security over system software
      - Database systems:
      - Networks:
      - Processing on microcomputers:
  - - - General controls:
      - Physical environment:
      - Emergency plan and disaster recovery procedures
      - Back up:
      - Personnel Controls:
- - - - Operator manuals and instructions should be in place
      - Physical checking for accuracy by users
      - Controls over hardware
      - Review & follow up of exception reports
      - Edit checks
      - Recons & balancing
      - Scrutiny by users of processed info for accuracy
      - Checking postings by users
      - Supervision & review by senior management
    - - Sequential testing by the computer
      - Processing logs
      - Reconciliations of balances and accounts
      - Breakpoint re-runs
      - Control totals
      - Adequate back up procedures
    - - Manual intervention
      - Matching by the computer
      - Overrides
      - Manual logs
      - Files labels and version numbers
      - Supervision and review
      - Librarian function
      - Segregation of duties
      - Access controls:
  - - - Reports
      - Reconciliations:
      - Sequence checks
      - Review of reports by users
    - - Distribution list:
      - Distribution schedule:
      - Distribution register:
      - Output logs:
      - Online output:
      - Terminal located in secure area
      - Access controls
      - Distribution should be controlled
    - - Reconciliations of input and output
      - Review of outputs by CIS department
  - - - Matching by the computer
      - Review by users or senior staff
      - Edit Checks
        
        Field presence checks
        
        Formatting check
        
        Screen check (only check that is a manual check)
        
        Validity or existence check
        
        Limit or reasonableness check
        
        Dependency check
        
        Field size check
        
        Screen prompts
        
        Logic check
        
        Sign check
        
        Specific character check
        
        Arithmetic check
      - Control over documents
      - Staff training:
      - Control over screens
    - - Matching by the computer
      - Sequential testing by the computer
      - Stationary controls:
      - Examining of processing logs:
      - Review of output reports by users
      - Control totals
        
        Financial Totals
        
        Hash Totals
        
        Record counts
    - - Access controls
        
        general computer controls
        
        Programmed controls
        
        Physical controls
      - Segregation of duties:
      - Authorisation
      - Overrides of system generated information
      - Changes in data
  - - - Recon of master file with amendment forms and 3rd party confirmation; and
        • Edit checks over data capture
    - - Sequential numbered audit trail of master file changes
      - Recon of master file amendment forms with changes register
    - - Authorisation of changes in writing by senior management on a master file amendment form;
      - • All the master file amendments forms should be captured in a register;
      - • Checking the changes of the master file to the logs of changes; and
      - • Follow up of unauthorised changes.
    - - Encryption
      - Library function
      - Record counts
      - Reconciliations
      - Regular senior review of master file