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Subsystems of language - Coggle Diagram

- - - - e: Went, Intend, send, letter.
      - æ: Cat, hand, nap, flat, have.
      - ʌ: Fun, love, money, one, london, come.
      - ʊ: Put, look, should, cook, book, look.
      - ɒ: Rob, top, watch, squat, sausage.
- - - - When we have the word 'helps' and 'crabs' we would think that these two would end with s, that is the case of the word 'helps' but it is not the case of the word 'crabs' since at the end of this word it sounds more like a 'z'
- - - - It is responsible for categorizing words according to their function. It is also responsible for the study of the variations of its forms. And finally, it explains the processes involved in the derivation and composition of words.
    - - It is a small part of a word which is capable of giving a grammatical meaning.
        
        For example
        
        desire + able
      - Free Morphemes: are those words that are independent and that can have a grammatical meaning as a word would. an example of this would be the word 'pet'
        
        It also contains content and functional morphemes. Those of content are characterized by referring to something that exists. On the other hand, the functional ones deal with relating the elements of a content.
      - Bound morphemes: Unlike free morphemes, bound morphemes are not independent and also change or add meaning to the word.
        
        There are three types of morphemes in English: Prefixes: are those that are placed at the beginning of each word, for example (indecent) use in. Suffixes: These are usually identified when the words include (s, ing, ed). Infixes: These are identified with colloquial indicators like "absofreakinlutely" and "fanbloodlytastic".
- - - - It refer to beings, entities or objects.
    - - Verbs are those that define actions, as well as processes, states or events.
    - - The auxiliary is the way to provide grammatical information, as can also be the tense, the aspect and how. There are also two types of auxiliaries:
        
        Primary: they are formed by be, have and do. And they are complete verbs in their own right.
        
        Modal: it is made up of can, should, will. and will always accompany a verb.
    - - Adjectives are those that describe states or properties of nouns. These have two main functions:
        
        As a modifier with noun phrases
        
        Sally's computer doesn't work well.
        
        After verbs
        
        Sally's computer doesn't seem to work.
    - - Adverbs are the words that are used to modify or describe verbs as well as adjectives or adverbs. They usually describe events as: place, manner and time.
    - - Its function is to join words with other words or with phrases that are generally used (at, on, under, to etc).
        
        For example
        
        Your shoes are under the bed
    - - They are used to replace the noun, to avoid repetitions or to clarify.
        
        For example
        
        Jane doesn't drink soda anymore, now she likes water
    - - It is the invariable word that is used to link elements, such as prepositions, phrases or sentences. and can be classified into two groups.
        
        Coordinators: Join elements that fulfill the same grammatical function
        
        For example
        
        Pablo is funny and smart - Pablo is smart and funny
        
        Subordinates: they are the ones that join prepositions and unlike the Coordinators these cannot be interchangeable since the sentence would not make sense. the one that makes sense in the main clause and then the subordinate clause
    - - They determine the amount and property of some noun or noun phrase.
        
        For example:
        
        Your ball, three hundred apples.
- - - - Mexican food is the best Mexican food (main noun phrase), is the best (main verb phrase)
  - - - Independent clauses contain a subject and a verb, and are known as their name implies, because they are independent, they do not depend on other clauses, so they can be sentences.
        
        For example:
        
        I decided to look for my books. As we can see it does not depend on any clause since the pure sentence makes sense
    - - In contrast to the independent ones, the dependent ones cannot be the same sentence, even if it has a subject and a verb needs to depend on an independent clause.
        
        For example:
        
        When I was searching. As we observe it depends on the other clause to complete the sentence.