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（1）虛擬品牌 Virtual Branding侵權, 腦機接口設備讓感覺功能障礙的人 “聞”到氣味、“嘗”到滋味截圖 2022-02-11 下午5…

- - - - Alyssa LaRoche
        
        Aimee Weber（Avatar）
        
        Class42: “computer programming services, namely, content creation for virtual worlds and three- dimensional platforms.”
        
        背景：sells clothing for avatars (for a conceptualization of the human body) on the Internet under the PREEN label（從未轉換為真實）
      - EROS, LLC
        
        SEXGEN
        
        Class42: Providing temporary use of non-downloadable software for animating three-dimensional virtual characters
        
        背景：a creator of virtual adult-themed objects
      - Hester, Michael
        
        DE DESIGNS/
        
        Class 42:“Computer graphics services; Graphic art design;
        Graphic design services; Graphic illustration services for others.
- - - - 爭點：GTA宇宙裡「脫衣舞俱樂部」是否侵害真實世界脫衣舞俱樂部的商標權和外觀設計。法院：視頻遊戲是受第一修正案保護的藝術表現形式（artistic expression protected by the First Amendment）消費者無混淆誤認。
  - - - Richard Minsky 在 SL 設一家藝術畫廊SLART
        
        Minsky 以 John Doe 的名義對 Victor Vezina(Avatar) 提起商標侵權和淡化訴訟。
    - - EROS, LLC
        
        SEXGEN
        
        Class42: Providing temporary use of non-downloadable software for animating three-dimensional virtual characters
        
        背景：a creator of virtual adult-themed objects
- - - - enhance the gaming experience for players and create in-world demand by players.
- - - - 通常會有的條款
        
        可以揭露任何私人資訊以利調查或是解決問題
        
        provides that Linden Lab may **disclose** any information about a member “to private entities... as Linden Lab, in its sole discretion, believes necessary or appropriate to investigate or resolve possible problems or inquiries, or as otherwise required by law”
        
        有權利調解但無義務解決紛爭
        
        will have the right but not the obligation to resolve disputes between users relating to the service”.
        
        可以直接移除明顯的商標侵權 +任何人可以通報 SLPTO
        
        staff generally removes content that uses trademarks without apparent authorization, with or without giving notice to the object owner.
        
        use of designer logos and brand names without permission, such as Gucci, Nike, Louis Vuiton [sic], etc., are usually not acceptable. Any resident may file an abuse report if they see any other resident making unauthorized use of trademarked material in Second Life.”
        
        任何不當的性、暴力或毒品相關或其他非法或淫穢行為。限制某些地區內虛擬商品的銷售，但不能保證玩家不去限制級區
        
        limit sales of virtual merchandise within certain regions, but this does not guarantee that a resident will not wear virtual branded apparel from one region to an Xray
        
        inappropriate sexual, violent, or drug- related or otherwise illegal or obscene conduct.
        
        Accounting and Royalties
        
        profit vs net profit
        
        開發的前期成本/承擔的程度
        整體軟件系統和編程相關的部分開發成本
        
        individual vs aggregate
        
        include finder or agency fee? when master license or agent is involved?
      - 著作權：US Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998
      - 商標權：
        
        US:X
        
        EU:
      - Communications Decency Act 1996 （Gucci America Inc v Hall & Associates
        
        《通信規範法》（CDA）第 230 條規定：交互式計算機服務的提供者或用戶不應因以下原因承擔責任：(A) 出於善意自願採取的任何行動，以限制提供者或用戶認為淫穢、下流、淫蕩、骯髒、過度暴力、騷擾或其他令人反感的材料的訪問或可用性，無論此類材料是否符合憲法受保護；
      - 未來趨勢？
        
        取決於控制的程度Inwood Labs., Inc. v. Ives Labs, Inc., 456 U.S. 844, 854 (1982).
  - - - 平台業者
        
        TOS 協議的可執行性？管轄地？仲裁地？
        
        Marc Bragg以 300.53 美元買一塊房地產
        
        Bragg 反對這種沒收，起訴 Linden Research +Philip Rosedale(CEO)
        
        被告將案件移至賓州東區，因缺乏屬人管轄權而駁回了所有索賠，被告要求進行仲裁。(Bragg V Linden Research, Inc)
        
        地區法院：Rosedale 在國家媒體中促銷的“互動”提供賓州足以支持特定屬人管轄權的最低聯繫因素（district court found that Rosedale’s “interactive” marketing efforts in national media provided minimum contacts with Pennsylvania sufficient to support specific personal jurisdiction.）
        
        參加了在 Second Life 舉辦的市政廳會議，在那裡他聽到 Rosedale 就購買虛擬土地發表聲明attended town hall meetings hosted in Second Life, where he heard Rosedale make statements about the purchase of virtual land.
        
        Rosedale 親自在媒體上向“全國”觀眾介紹第二人生中虛擬財產的所有權。
      - 侵權玩家
        
        如何調查侵權身份
        
        Eros, LLC v. Leatherwood Volkov Catteneo偵訊電信服務供應商：AT&T、特許通訊公司
      - 元宇宙執行還是在現實生活中執行？
    - - manner
        
        context of the display
        
        use of and interaction
      - multiple regions
        
        worlds
        
        agent
        
        master licensee
  - - - 授權終止或到期後仍可簽訂類似的授權