Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Targeted Therapy - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Helps to prime the immune response (adaptive) so generation of immune response from prior memory is more rapid in combating tumor cells.
    - - Treat cancers with patient's own immune system. Involves Virus-based vaccines, peptide based vaccines , and ex-vivo generated dendritic cells
  - - - Conjugations with radionuclide, leading to tumor cell death
      - Conjugation with toxins leading to tumor cell death
- - - - NK and CD8 T cytotoxic cells release perforin and granzymes inducing apoptosis on tumor cells. Phagocytes such as Dendritic cells and Macrophages phagocytose tumor cells and present tumor antigen to T and B cells.
  - - - Inactivation of immune cells
        
        Cancer cells and Treg cells release immunosuppressive cytokines to inhibit activation of naive T cells (Interleukin 10, Transforming Growth Factor - Beta)
        
        Tregs express CTLA-4 on their surface, which downregulate B7 expression by APC, thus depriving co-stimulation signal to responder T cells
        
        Overexpression of PD-L1 on tumor infiltrating cells binds to B7 and PD-1 on T cells, which inactivates the CD8 T cell cytotoxic effects on tumor cells.
      - Induce immunocyte apoptosis
        
        Tumor cells express FasL that binds to Fas receptors on T cells, leading to apoptosis of T cells.
      - Less antigen presentation due to repression
        
        Reduces MHC class I and antigen processing from APC. Less activation of CD8 T cytotoxic cells and CD4 T helper cells.
      - NKG2D ligand repression
        
        Reduce Rae1 ligands, leading to less chances of NKG2D on the NK cells to bind to Rae1 of tumor cells.
- - - - Introduce new/modified gene into body to treat disease
      - Inactivating a disease causing gene due to misfunction
      - Replace disease causing gene with healthy copy of gene