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Imperialism (1870–1914), image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…

- - - - required geographic expeditions to unknown areas of the world
    - - caused high levels of unemployment and many people emigrated to the colonies to look for work
      - To avoid possible social conflict, some governments encouraged emigration to the colonies
- - - - The majority of the population of these colonies were emigrants from the colonising country
      - These colonies were considered overseas provinces and enjoyed a certain governmental autonomy
      - Under British control
        
        Canada
        
        Australia
        
        New Zeland
    - - The indigenous population were governed by a white minority originating from the colonising country, who exploited the area economically
      - India was an exploitation colony of Great Britain
    - - The indigenous population maintained its own government and administration under the supervision of the colonising power
      - Morocco was a protectorate of France and Spain
      - Egypt was a protectorate of Great Britain
  - - - executed by a small group of Europeans
        
        the governor and high-level civil servants organised the administration
        
        military commanders were in charge of maintaining order by controlling indigenous rebellions
    - - involved the exploitation of the natural resources and the indigenous population of the colony
      - in order to supply the colonising power with raw materials and sources of energy
      - The colony then bought the products manufactured in the colonising country
- - - - America
      - South-East Asia
      - north-west Africa and the island of Madagascar
      - French New Guinea
      - some islands in the Caribbean that it had possessed centuries before
  - - - Malta
      - Ceylon
      - Gibraltar
      - the Maldives
    - - Queen Victoria of England was crowned Empress of India
      - Britain's colonial expansion accelerated
- - - - left the indigenous people without their traditional resources and means of survival
      - The colonists displaced the indigenous tribes from their land to establish their single crop plantations and they extract mineral resources
- - - - the European countries interested in controlling the Congo agreed to delegate control of the region to the King of Belgium, Leopold I
      - imposed a procedure for European countries that wanted to acquire African territory
      - they first had to militarily occupy the area
      - This decision accelerated the process of the division of the African continent because the main European powers raced to be the first to arrive in the areas they wanted to occupy.
    - - between the British and the French, who both wanted to occupy the area, ended with a British victory
    - - the British wanted to gain control of the area of the Cape, in South Africa because it was rich in gold and diamonds
      - They declared war and defeated the Boers, colonists from the United Provinces
  - - - the indigenous people revolted against European exploitation and the disregard for their traditional cultural values, although these uprisings all failed
      - The biggest revolts
        
        Zulu Wars against the British in South Africa
        
        the Boxer Rebellion in China
    - - ocialist parties protested against what they considered unjustified abuse
  - - - the Europeans, after winning the Opium Wars, signed various treaties with China
      - Great Britain gained control of Hong Kong
      - Shanghai and Canton became European colonies, which were not subject to Chinese laws
      - Christian missionaries had the right to preach
      - there was only 5% tax on foreign products
    - - the Empress CiXi declared war on all the foreign powers that interfered in the political and economic life in China
      - The Boxers
        
        a Chinese secret society that wanted to expel the foreigners
        
        started an uprising in which 300 foreigners were killed and they besieged the European embassies in Peking for two months
    - - By European powers, Japan and US
      - It arrived in August 1901 and defeated the Boxers easily
      - The Chinese government was forced to pay 330 million dollars in compensation
      - foreign troops were posted in the region permanently to protect their ambassadors