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Unit 2- The role of the central nervous systems in the neurotransmitter in…
Unit 2- The role of the central nervous systems in the neurotransmitter in human behavior
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The
nervous system
is a specialized and complex network of cells in the human body. it is our primary internal communication system
2 main functions
it collects, processes and responds to information in the environment
it coordinates the working of different organs and cells in the body
The nervous system is divided into 2 main subsystems- the CNS and the peripheral nervous system.
The spinal cord
responsible for reflex actions such as pulling your hand away from a hot plate.
It passes messages to and from the brain, linking to the PNS
It is a tube-like extension of the brain, connected to the brain via the brain stem.
The brain
It is divided into 2 near symmetrical hemispheres, they are connected by a group of structure such as the corpus callous. The left hemisphere controls activity on the right side of the body, the right hemisphere controls activity on the left side.
The outer layer of the brain, the cortex is highly developed in humans, The various areas and parts of the brain are often divided into cortisol and subcorticol.
It is the source of our conscious awareness and where decision-making takes place.
The Cerebal cortex
Parietal lobes
= found further back of the brain on the other side of the central sulcus. Alongside the sulcus lies the somatosensory cortex, which prosses sensory information from the skin. The area of somatosensory cortex devoted to a particular body part reflects touch.
Temporal lobes
= lie beneath the lateral sulcus of each hemisphere. Each lobe contains an auditory cortex which deals with sound information coming mainly from the opposite ear.
Frontol lobes
= located at the front of the brain, control high level cognitive functions, also contain the motor cortex
Occiptal lobes
= located at the back of the brain, each lobe contains a primary visual cortex and several secondary areas. Our field of vision from both eyes are initially processed by the left visual cortex before using shared via corpus callous with the right visual cortex and vice versa.
Subcortical structures
Limbic system
= has a role in memory and learning. Consists of several structures, eg. amygdala which plays a large role in regulating emotional responses
Cerebellum
= it is a little version of the brain, primary role is to coordinate psoture, balance and movement.
Hypothalamus
= controls motivation behavior such as a key role in the body's stress response through its control of 'fight or flight'. Also regulates the activity of endocrine system (hormones)
Corpus callous
= allows communication between the hemispheres by passing signals back and forth
Thalamus
= receives information from various senses and passes it to the appropriate areas of the cortex for higher level processing.