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Cardiovascular System- Brianna Mayorga p.6 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System- Brianna Mayorga p.6
Major Components & Function of Blood
Components
A spun tube of bloods contains 3 layers: erythrocytes on the bottom whihc makes up 45% of whole blood, WBCs and platelets in buffy coat which accounts for <1% of whole blood, and the plasma on the top which makes up 55% of whole blood
Functions
Transport
Delivers O2 and nutrients, transports metabolic wastes throughout body organs (lungs & kidneys), and transports hormones with the help of endocrine organs
Regulation
helps maintain normal body temperature, normal pH levels using buffers, and adequate fluid volume in the circulatory system
Protection
Prevents blood loss and helps prevent blood infections by carrying antibodies/proteins/and WBCs
ABO, Rh Blood types
Anatomy of the Heart
Ventricles
Left Ventricle: pumps blood through systemic circuit
Right Ventricle: pumps blood through pulmonary circuit
Atria
Left atrium: receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit
Right atrium: receives blood from the systemic circuit
Semilunar Valves
Aortic valve: between left ventricle and aorta
Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Atrioventricular Valve
Tricuspid valve: right AV valve which is made up of two cusps and is located between the left atria and ventricle
Mitral ( bicuspid) valve: left AV valve made up of two cusps and is located between the left atria and ventricle
Chordae tendinae: anchors the AV valves to the papillary muscles
Base: posterior surface that leans toward right shoulder
Apex: points toward left hip
Layers of the Heart
3 layers of the heart wall
Epicardium : the visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Myocardium: the circular/spiral bundles of cardiac muscle
Endocardium: innermost layer and is continuous endothelial lining
Blood flow through the Heart & Body
Right side of the heart
Vena cava, coronary sinus, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, & lungs
Left side of the heart
4 pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, & systemic circulation
Structural & Functional differences between Blood Vessel Types
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, oxygenated except for the pulmonary circulation
Elastic arteries: thick-walled and expands to recoil as blood is ejected from the heart
Muscular arteries: delivers blood to body organs, active in vasoconstriction
Arteriolles: smallest of all arteries, controls flow in capillary veins
Capillaries: have direct contact with tissue cells and serves their needs
Microscopic arteries, thin and smallest vessel, functions in exchanges of gases and nutrients
Veins: carry blood toward heart, deoxygenated except for pulmonary circulation
Cardiac Cycle & the ECG
Electrocardiography: detects electrical currents generated by the heart
P wave: depolarization of SA node & atria
QRS complex: ventricular depolarization & atrial repolarization
T wave: ventricular repolarization
P-R interval: atrial excitation to ventricular excitation
S-T interval: entire ventricular myocardium depolarized
Q-T interval: ventricular depolarization through ventricular reoplarization
Cardiac Cycle: blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat
Major Blood Vessels
Coronary arteries: left & right arteries arise from the base of the aorta and supply blood; left coronary artery supplies interventricular septum, left atrium, etc,,; right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle
Coronary veins: collects blood from capillary bed; great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac veins
Vital Signs
Blood pressure: force per unit area exerted on wall of blood vessel by blood
Systemic pressure: highest in aorta and declines through out pathway
Systolic pressure: exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction
Diastolic pressure: lowest level of aortic pressure when the heart is at rest
Pulse : the throbbing of arteries due to dfference in pulse pressures
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Anemia: abnormal low O2 carrying capacity
Blood loss
Can cause hemorrhagic anemia which is rapid blood loss and is treated by blood replacement, this can lead to chronic hemorrhagic anemia which is slight but persistent blood loss
Not enough RBCs produced
This is iron-deficiency anemia which can be caused by hemorrhagic anemia and is treated with iron supplements
Too many RBCs destroyed
Can cause thalassemias which is when the RBCs are thin and delicate, another disease can also be sickle-cell anemia which is a mutated hemoglobin and can be often found in Africans and is treated with transfusions
Leukemias
Can be cancerous and can be fatal; abnormal WBC clones
Pericarditis: inflammation in the pericardium
Myocardial infraction( heart attack) prolonged coronary blockage
Heart murmurs: abnormal heart sounds when blood hits obstructions
Tachycardia: abnormal fast heart rate
Bradychardia: abnormal slow heart rate
Congestive heart failure: CO is so low that blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs
Vericose veins: dilated and painful veins due to incompetent valves
Hypertension: sustained high arterial pressure: Hypotension: sustained low arterial pressure
Circulatory shock: where blood vessels can not fill and circulate blood normally
