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Marisol Gomez Period 1 Cardiovascular system - Coggle Diagram
Marisol Gomez Period 1
Cardiovascular system
Major components of Blood
3 layers of blood yield: Erythrocytes ( 45% of the blood ) Platelets in buffy coat ( 1 % ) and Plasma on top ( 55 % )
Blood = only fluid tissue in the body
Erythrocytes ( RBC ) : function is for respiratory gas transport, filled with hemoglobin. Binds with oxygen
Regulation of erythrocytes: erythropoietin, hormone that stimulate RBC
Disorders of RBC
Anemia: blood that is low oxygen capacity, can't support metabolism. Not enough RBC produced, RBC destroyed, and blood loss.
sickle cell anemia: mutated hemoglobin, RBC rupture quickly, block small vessels
Leukocytes: function to fight against disease, can leave capillaries, move through tissue space
Granulocytes: cytoplasmic granules ( neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils )
agranulocytes: don't contain cytoplasmic granules (lymphocytes and monocytes)
Disorders of leukocytes:
leukemia: cancerous condition, overproduction of abnormal WBC. no treatment= fatal
infectious mononucleosis: contagious disease, high number of agranulocytes
ABO, Rh blood types
based on presence and antigens
contain anti- A or anti- B antigens
Blood AB- A & B antigens. No antibodies. Can receive blood from A, B, AB, O. universal donor
Blood type B: B antigens. Anti A antibodies. Can receive blood from B and O.
Blood type A: A antigens. Anti B antibodies. Can receive blood from A and O.
Blood type O: no antigens. Can receive blood from O " universal donor "
Major Functions of the cardiovascular system
to protect the body from infection and blood loss
transport nutrients, gases and waste products
help body maintain temperature
maintain fluid balance
Anatomy of the Heart:
4 chambers of the heart: Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle
Right Atrium: receive blood returning from systemic circuit
Right ventricle: pumps blood through pulmonary circuit
Left atrium: receive blood from pulmonary circuit
Left ventricle: pump blood through systemic circuit
heart between second rib and 5th intercostal space
interventricular sulcus & septum: separate left and right
atria: receiving chambers
auricle: increase atrial volume
superior vena cava: return blood from above diaphragm
inferior vena cava: return blood from below diaphragm
coronary sinus: return blood from coronary vein
trabeculae carneae: irregular ridges of muscle on walls
papillary muscle: anchor chordae tendinae, pump blood into pulmonary trunk
tricuspid valve: 3 cusps
bicuspid: 2 cusps
pulmonary semilunar valve: between right and left ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Begins at SVC - Right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary vale - pulmonary trunk- pulmonary arteries - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid (mitral valve) - left ventricle- aortic valve- and aorta
Layers of the Heart:
epicardium: visceral layer of pericardium
myocardium: spiral bundles of cardiac muscle
pericardium: made up of 2 layers.
parietal layer: internal surface of of pericardium
visceral layer: external surface of heart
pericarditis: inflammation of pericardium
endocardium: lining of blood vessel
ECG and cardiac cycle
Normal sinus rhythm: sinus rhythm,
2nd degree heart block: AV node conduct SA node. More P waves than QRS
Junctional rhythm: SA node is nonfunctional. P waves absent
Ventricular fibrillation: electrical activity is disorganized. Gross abnormal ECG
diastole: heart relaxation
systole: heart contraction
Blood vessels:
capillaries: contact with tissue cells. Only single RBC can pass through. Exchange of gases, nutrients wastes and hormones.
veins: carry blood towards heart. Deoxygenated except for pulmonary circulation
arteries: carry blood away from heart, oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation
muscular arteries: deliver blood to body organs. active in vasoconstriction
elastic arteries: act as pressure reservoirs. Expand and recoil
arterioles: smallest of arteries, control flow into capillary beds. Lead to capillary beds
venules: form postcapillary venules
vital signs (BP & pulse)
pulse: throbbing of arteries due to different pressure.
vital signs: pulse and blood pressure along with respiratory rate and temp.
radial pulse: taken at the wrist, most used.
pressure points: areas where body is close to surface.
systolic pressure: normally less than 120 mm Hg
diastolic pressure: normally less than 80 mm Hg
Disorders of Cardio system:
Anemia: blood is abnormally low. Symptoms are fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, and chills.
Thalassemia's: global chain is absent or faulty. Sever and can cause monthly blood transaction.
Sickle cell anemia: mutated hemoglobin. Can be treated with transfusion inhaled nostril oxide.