Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System P.6 - Richard Nguyen - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System P.6 - Richard Nguyen
Functions of Blood
Transport
Deliver Oxygen and Nutrients to Body
Transport hormones; transport wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
Regulation
Maintain body temp; maintain adequate fluid volume; maintain normal pH
Protection
Prevent Blood Loss; Platelets is the blood clotting formation
Prevent infection, carries immunity agents
Components of Blood
Plasma
55% of whole blood
least dense component
90% water
Albumin makes up 60% of plasma proteins
Buffy Coat
<1% of whole blood
leukocytes and platelets; immunity
Erythrocytes
45% of whole blood
Most dense component
filled with hemoglobin for gas transport
made in bone marrow
Clinical-Homeostatic Imbalance
Blood Doping
use of EPO to increase hematocrit allows for increased stamina and performance
EPO usage can cause blood to become like sludge and cause clotting, stroke, and heart failure
Anemia
blood loss, not enough RBCs produced, too many RBCs being destrouyed
iron deiciency anemia, YOU NEED YOUR IRONS
Thalassemias; RBCs are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin
Sickle-cell anemia
mutated hemoglobin, can be ruptured and block small vessels
Leukemias
cancerous condition involving overproduction of abnormal WBCs
Infectious mononucleosis
Involve lymphocytes that become enlarged
Thromboembolic Disorders
undesirable clot formation
Hemophilia
hereditary bleeding disorders
Pericarditis
inflammatino of pericardium
Angina Pectoris
fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium
Myocardial Infarction
prolonged coronary blockage
Arrhythmias
irregular heart rhythms
Fibrillation
rapid, irregular contractions
Heart Mumurs
abnormal heart sounds; obstruction the blood
Tachycardia
abnormally fast heart rate
Brady cardia
heart rate slower than 60 b/m
Congestive heart failure
CO is so low that blood circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs
Cornoary atherosclerosis
clogged arteries cause by fat buildup
Dilated cardiomyopathy
ventricles stretch and become falbby
Varicose veins
dilated and painful veins due to leaky valves
Hypertension
sustained elevated arterial pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher
Hypotension
low blood pressure below 90/60 mm Hg
Circulatory Shock
blood vessels inadequately fill and cannot circulate blood normally
Hypovolemic Shock
large scale blood loss
Vascular Shock
extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance
Edema
abnormal increase in amount of intersistal fluid
Leukocytes (WBC) (Buffy Coat)
Functions
Defense against disease
Granulocytes
Neutrophils 50-70%
Eosinophils 2-4%
Basophils 0.5-1%
Agranulocytes
Monocytes 3-8%
Lympocytes 25-45%
Platelet (Blood Clot)(Buffy Coat)
fragments of larger megakaryocyte
Platelet formation is regulated by thrombopoietin
HEMOSTASIS
Coagulation (blood clotting)
Platelet Plug Formation
Vascular Spasm
ABO BLOOD GROUPS
AB has both A and B antigens
can receive A, B, AB, O
B has B antigens
can receive B, O
A has A antigens
can receive A, O
O has no antigens
can receive O
HEART ANATOMY
Chambers
Right Atrium
receives blood from systemic
Left Atrium
receives blood returning from pulmonary
Right Ventricle
pumps blood through pulmonary
Left Ventricle
pumps blood through systemic
Layers of the HEART WALL
Epicardium
visceral layer
Myocardium
middle layers, spiral bundles of muscle cells
Endocaridum
innermost layer
SURFACE
Coronary Sulcus
atrioventricular groove
Interrventricular Sulcus
diagonal line separating ventricles
Great Vessels
Superior Vena Cava
retunrs blood from above body regions
Inferior Vena Cava
returns blood form below body region
Coronary Sinus
returns blood from coronary veins
Heart Valves
Atrioventricular valves
Mitral valve (left AV valve, bicuspid valve)
two cusps
Tricuspid valve (right AV valve)
three cusps
located between atria and ventricles
Chordae tendineae
anchor cusps of AV valves to papillary muscles
Semilunar valves
Pulmonary semilunar valve
ocated between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic semilunar valve
located between left ventricle and aorta
located between ventricles and major arteries
Blood Flow
SUPERIOR/INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs
pulmonary veins
1 more item...
Conduction System
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
Right and left bundle branches
Subendocardial conducting network
Electrocardiogram
P wave
depolarization of SA node and atria
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
T wave
ventricular repolarization
P-R interval
beginning of atrial excintation
S-T segment
myocardium depolarized
Q-T interval
beginning of ventricular depolarization
Blood Vessel Wall
Tuncia Media
middle layer composed of smooth muscles and elastin
vasoconstriction- decreased lumen diameter
vasodilation-increased lumen diameter
Tunica Externa
outermost layer of wall, nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels
aka tunica adventitia
Tunica Intima
innermost layer, closest to blood
endothelium-simple squamous epithelium
Arteries
Elastic Arteries
thick walled low resistance lumen
pressure reservoirs that expand and recoil
Muscular Arteries
active in vasoconstriction
give rise to muscular arteries
Arterioles
smallest of all arteries
control flow into capillary beds via vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Capillaries
functions
exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones between blood and intersital fluid
Capillary Beds
Vascular Shunt
channel that directly connects arteriole with venule
Precapillary Sphincter
acts as valve regulating blood flow into capillary bed
Veins
Carry blood towards heart
Venules
capilarries unite to form pastcapillary venules
very porous
Venous Valves
prevent backflow of blood
Venous sinuses
flattened veins with extremely thin walls
BLOOD PRESSURE
Systemic Blood Pressuer
highest in aorta
steepest drop occur in arterioles
Systolic pressure
pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction
Diastolic pressure
lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest
Clinical Monitoring
Vital Signs
pulse and blood pressure
Taking a pulse
radial pulse(wrist)
Pressure points (areas where arteries are close to body surface)
Venous Blood Pressure
low pressure of venous side requires adaptations to help with venous return
Muscular Pump
contractino of skeletal muscles
Respiratory Pump
pressure changes during breathing move blood towards ehart
Sympathethic Venoconstriction
smooth muscles constrict, pushing blood back toward heart
Locations of Arteries
Superifical Temporal Artery
forehead
Facial Artery
face
Common carotid artery
neck/thorat
Brachial Artery
middle of arm
Radial Artery
wrist
Femoral Artery
nerve pelvic
Popliteal Atery
behind knee
Posterior Tibial Artery
neark ankle
Dorsalis pedis Artery
on top of feet
Vascular System
Pulmonary Circulation
short loop that runs from heart to lungs and back to heart
Systemic Circulation
long loop to all parts of body and back to heart
heart pumps blood out to system, the aorta
returning blood is delivered via system veins, and the vena cavass
DIFFERENCES BTW ARTERIES AND VEINS
Arteries run deep, veins are both deep and superficial
Arteries run deep ONLY, veins run deep and superifical