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Cardio Vascular System~ Jocelyn Gracia P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardio Vascular System~ Jocelyn Gracia P.5
Layers of the heart
Endocardium: the inner layer; made up of connective tissue and epithelium; continuous with the endothelium of major vessels joining the heart
Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium): the outer most layer; a serous membrane which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Myocardium:the middle layer; consists of cardiac muscle, and is the thicket layer of the heart wall; pumps blood out of heart changers
Parietal pericardium:the outer layer of serous membrane which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Visceral pericardium(epicardium): the inner layer of the serous membrane that covers the heart
Pericardial Cavity:the space between the visceral & parietal layers, which contain serous fluid for reducing friction between the layers
Disorders
Myocardial Infarction: Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Peripheral Artery Disease: Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremeties
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke): Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Endocardities & Myocarditis: inflammation of the heart
Congenital Heart Disease: issue with heart structure &/or function present from birth
ABO
Type A Blood: has A antigens on RBC membranes & anti-B antibodies in the plasma
Type B blood: has B antigens on RBC membranes and anti-A antibodies in the plasma
Type AB blood: has both A &B antigens on RBC membranes, but neither type of antibodies in the plasma; universal recipient
Type O blood:has neither antigen or RBC membranes, but both types of antibodies in the plasma; universal donor
Rh blood group
Antigen D: is present on a person's red blood cell, the blood is Rh positive; if absent the blood is Rh negative
There are no corresponding antibodies in the plasma, unless a person with Rh-negative blood has physical contact with Rh-positive blood; the person will then develop anti-Rh antibodies
There are 2 ways in which an Rh-negative individual can have contact with Rh-positive blood; a transfusion or pregnancy
Major Components and Functions of Blood
Blood: a type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix (plasma)
Blood, heart, and blood vessels make up the circulatory system
Blood transports substances throughout the body, helps maintain homeostasis & distributes heat: transports nutrients & oxygen to the body cells, and removes metabolic wastes & carbon dioxide
Formed Elements: red blood cells(respiratory gas transport), white blood cells(fighting infection), platelets(stoppage of bleeding), and plasma(liquid matrix)
Red blood cells(Erythrocytes) Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
A closed circuit that consists of the heart & blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)
Vital for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues removing wastes from them
Arteries transport blood away from the heart: Veins transport blood toward the heart: Capillaries: are vessels that run between arteries and veins
Chambers and Valves
The heart contains 4 chambers: 2 upper chambers, atria and 2 lower chambers, ventricles
Atria receive blood returning to the heart; have thin walls & ear-like auricles projecting from their exterior
Thick-muscled ventricles pump blood out of the heart
Atrioventricular valve: ensures one-way flow of blood from arteria to ventricle
The right tricuspid valve and left bicuspid valve have cusps to which chordae tendinae attach
Semilunar valve between right atrium and right ventricle and the blood vessel into which blood is pumped
Blood flow through heart & body
Pulmonary circuit: blood flow between heart and lungs Systematic circuit: blood flow between heart and body tissues
The pulmonarty arteries carry blood to the lungs, entering alveolar capillaries, the site of gas exchage with the aveoli of the lungs; here the blood drops off carbon dioxide & picks up oxygen
Cardiac Cycle & ECG
P Wave:first wave, corresponds to depolarization of the atria; leads to contraction of the atria
T Wave: Corresponds ro ventricular repolarization, and leads to ventricular relaxation
QRS Complex: corresponds to the depolarization of venticles, lead to contraction of the ventricle
Cardiac Cycle: pressure within the heart chambers rises and falls with the contraction and relaxation of atria and ventricle