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Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
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ABO, Rh blood types
Rh blood types and info
antigen d most common and present on a persons RBC the blood is Rh positive and if absent then it is Rh negative
if a person is Rh negative and has contact with positive the person will develop anti Rh antibodies and this can happen with transfusion or pregnancy
Structures: Antigen is a molecule that evokes an immune response Antibodies are proteins that are produced by the immune system to attack specific antigens
ABO Types
Type AB: both a and b antigens on abc membrane and neither type of antibodies in plasma making it a universal recipient of blood
Type O: neither antigen on abc membrane and both types of antibodies in plasma makes it a universal blood donor
Type B: B antigens on RBC, anti a antibodies in plasma
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Major Blood Vessels
Capillaries
Capillaries are blood vessels with the smallest diameter and they connect small arterioles to small venules
They are made up of a layer of endothelium. Endothemlium allows substances to be exchanged thru it (diffusion)
There are always exchanges going on in our capillaries for example there is a constant exchange of gasses, nutrients, and waste that occurs between the capillaries and the tissue fluid near the body cells
Veins/Venules
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Blood moves thru veins by contractions of skeletal muscle, they squeeze the veins one valve section at a time
Arteries/Arterioles
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Sympathetic stimulation causes muscle contraction which results in vasoconstriction of the arteries, this is used to regulate blood flow and Blood pressure in the arteries
arteries are strong, elastic vessels that are used to transport high pressure blood away from the heart
Vital Signs
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Pulse
You can check a pulse in the radial, brachial, carotid, or the popliteal
In order to find BPM you count the beats you have for 15 seconds and multiply that by 4 to get your beats per minute
Anatomy of the Heart
Chambers and Valves
The atria are the two upper chambers of the heart and they receive the blood returning to the heart, and they have auricles projecting onto the outside of the heart
The ventricles are the two bottom chambers, they are the thick muscular parts of the heart that pump the blood throughout the body and the inter ventricular septum is what separates the two ventricles L&R
The heart contains four chambers, the two upper chambers are called the atria and the lower 2 are called ventricles
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Size and Location
The heart lies between the lungs, in front of the vertebral column, and behind the sternum
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