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Cardiovascular System- Amy Arteaga Period 7 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System- Amy Arteaga Period 7
Major components and functions of blood
RED blood cells
:
erythrocytes
. respiratory gas transport
Biconcave disks
; shape makes RBCs flexible, puts oxygen in proximity to hemoglobin, & increases surface area (gas exchange)
• RBCs contain one-third hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
transports oxygen, carbon dioxide through the blood
hemoglobin
: gives blood its bright red color, allows O2 to be carried
eosinophills
: kills paracites
WHITE blood cells
:
leukocyte
. fighting infection
*most abundant in body is erythrocytes
(WBCs, leukocytes)
help defend against disease, formed from hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow, squeeze between cells
Monocytes
: wbc phagocytic, LARGEST monocyte
neutrophil
: WBC most numerous, first responder
Lymphocyte
: WBC produce immune respons
basophils
: releases herapin &histamines for blood clots
Platelets
: stoppage of bleeding
Plasma
: liquid matrix *not part of formed elements. Responsible for transport of nutrients, cellular waste, hormones
55% plasma and 45% formed elements _White blood cells/ platelets make up <1% blood volume
Granulocytes
: neutrophils and Eosinophil, Basophil
Agranulocytes
: monocyte & lymphocyte
Antigens: proteins found on surface of RBCs allow blood types such as A,B,O, AB
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Apex
: pointy part of heart, bottom
Interventricular
septum
: wall that divides the right and left ventricles of the heart.
Base
: top/wide portion, beneath second rib
AV valves
: two valves found between the atria and the ventricles; prevent backflow of blood to atria
semilunar valves
: two valves found at between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta and the ventricles
coronary arteries
: first branch off of the ascending aorta; supplies high-oxygen blood to heart wall (myocardium)
Mitral/bicuspid valve
: AV between left atrium and left ventricle
tricuspid valve
: AV valve between right atrium and right ventricle
aorta
LARGEST artery, supplies high-oxygen blood to the rest of the body
superior vena cava
: one of the LARGEST vein; drains LOW-oxygen blood from the
head, neck, and arms
back to the right atrium
inferior vena cava
: one of the LARGEST vein; drains low-oxygen blood from the LOWER HALF of the body back to the right atrium
lung related
pulmonary vein:
brings high-oxygen blood BACK from lungs to the heart
pulmonary semilunar valve
: base of pulmonary trunk; prevents backflow of low-oxygen blood in right ventricle
pulmonary arterries:
branches of pulmonary trunk; carry low-oxygen from heart to lungs
pulmonary trun
k branches to become left and right pulmonary arteries; carries low-oxygen blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
chordae tendinae
: connects AV valves to the papillary muscles of heart wall
papilary muscles
: muscular inner wall of heart; contraction causes AV valves to
close
auricles
: ear-like outer structure,near atria
Atrium vs Ventricle
right ventricle
:pumps oxygen-low blood to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk/arteries
left ventricle
: pumps high-oxygen blood to cells of body via the aorta
left atrium
: receives high-oxygen blood from the lungs via pulmonary vens
right atrium:
receives deoxygenated (low-oxygen) blood cells of the body via superior and inferior vena cava
Ventricles
: lower chambers of the heart; pumps blood OUT of hear
Atria
: upper chambers of heart; receive blood returning from heart
aortic semilunar valve
: at base of aorta; prevents backflow of low-oxygen blood into left ventricle
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
-supplies oxygen and
nutrients to tissues
-removes wastes
-transports hormones
-maintains homeostasis and body temperature
-protects body from infections
Blood types
Type B blood
: has B antigens & A antibodies
Type AB blood
: both A & B antigens, but NEITHER antibodies,
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
Type A blood
: has A antigens on RBC membrance & anti-B antibodies
ANTIGEN: molecule that evokes immune response
ANTIBODY: protein produced by immune system to attack a specific antigen
NOT found on the person’s own cells
Type O blood
: neither antigen, but BOTH antibodies in plasma,
UNIVERSAL DONOR
Layers of the heart
Pericardium
: double layers of serous membrane sac covering the heart
Visceral pericardium
(
epicardium
) OUTERMOST layer of serous membrane close to the heart; covers heart
Parietal pericardium
: outer layer of serous membrane covering the heart
Myocardium
: MIDDLE layer, cardiac muscle, thickest layer; pumps blood OUT OF heart
Endocardium
: INNER layer, connective tissue/epithelium, connects major vessels
Blood flow through the heart and body
Pulmonary circuit (circulation)
: carry oxygen-poor blood flow from HEART to LUNGS to pick up oxygen and drop OFF carbon dioxide then back to HEART to deliver oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide
Systemic circuit (circulation
): sends oxygen-rick blood flow from HEART to CELLS of the body and picks up carbon dioxide then back to the heart
Coronary circulation
: blood flow to heart wall and back to the heart
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Arteries
transport blood AWAY from the heart, HIGH in oxygen
veins
transport blood TOWARD the heart
capillaries
: are vessels that run BETWEEN arteries and veins
Artery
: thick strong wall w/ 3 layers; transports blood under high pressurefrom heart to arterioles
Arteriole
: thinner than artery; connects artery to capillary, helping control blood flow by dialation
Capillary
: single layer; allowing nutrients, gases, connects to arteriole to venule
Venule: thinner than arteriole; connects capillary to vein
Vein
: thinner than artery; transports blood under LOW pressure, serves as blood reservor
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac conduction system:
1)
SA node
: pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system; initiates the impulse of the heartbeat
2)
AV Node
: receives impulse from SA node then passes to the AV bundle
4)
Bundle branche
s:receives impulse from AV bundle and passes it to the Purkinje fibers
3)AV Bundle:
receives impulse from bundle branches and passes it to the papillary muscles
5) Purkinje Fibers
: receives impulse from bundle branches and passes it to the papillary muscles
SA Node-> Atrial Syncytium-> Junctional fibers-> AV node-> AV bundle-> Bundle branches-> Purknje fibers--> Ventricular septum
ECG
: recording of electrical changes during a cardiac cycle
T-Wave
: ventricular repolarization which cause relaxation of ventricles
P-wave
: atrial depolarization, cause contraction of the atria
QRS Complex
: ventricular DEpolarization, cause contraction of ventricles;
repolarization
(relaxation) of atria occurs simultaneously
superior & inferior--> right atrium--> tricuspid valve--> right ventricle--> pulmonary valve--> pulmonary arteries--> LUNGS--> pulmonaryu veins--> left atrium--> left atrium--> bicuspid/mitral valve--> left ventricle--> aortic valve--> aorta
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
UPPER BODY:
veins
Interjugular vein; near inside
external jugular vein; nect to interjugular vein
axilary vein; near arms and armpits
DEEP VEINS: brachial vein, ulnar veins, radial veins
SUPERFICIAL VEINS: cephalic, basilic vein
arteries:
common carotid: near neck runs on face
subclavian artery, near collar bone; third branch of aortic arch
brachial artery, near elbow
ulnar artery, near pinky finger side
radial artery,thumb side of hand
abdominal aorta,mid body
thoratic aorta; under heart, follows spine above the diaphram
LOWER BODY:
Femoral vein: on legs/thjighs
Common illiac: splits into legs
Great saphenous vein: inner thigh
Anterior tibial artery: outter shins, lower legs
Fibular artery: lower shins almost at anckles
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
BP
: arterial pressure exerted by blood against walls of vessels; calculated by cardiac output x peripheral resistance
Systolic pressur
e:
MAX arterial pressure reached during ventricular contraction (
systole
); FIRST # in BP
Diastolic pressure
: MIN. arterial pressure reached during ventricular relaxation (diastole), before the next contraction; 2ND # in BP
PULSE
: feeling of contraction/relaxation of wall of artery on skin
BP= CO X PR
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Murmur
: abnormal heart sound bc valve damage
tachycardia
: RAPID heart rate/heart beat; higher than 100 bpm
bradycardia
: SLOW heart rate/heart beat: lower than 100 bpm (beats per minute)
Anemia
: deficiency in red blood cells/quantity of hemoglobin, reduces oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Peripheral Artery Disease
: arteries narrow, reducing blood flow extremely
Coronary thrombosis
: clot in vessel supplying the heart
pulmonary embolism
: traveling blood clot blocking lungs
Infraction
: clot that blocking blood flow, kills tissue supplied vessel
myocardial infarction = heart attack
Atherosclerosis
: build-up of fatty deposits in walls of arteries, leads to formation of clots
Cerebral Accident/ Stroke
: blood flow to brain is interrupted
Endocartis & Myocarditis
: Inflammation of heart
Congenital Heart disease
: Issues w/ heart structure/function present since birth