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ART IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY, image, image, image, image,…
ART IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
during the 19th century
art reflected the economic
technological and social changes twere taking place in Europe during industrialitation
new architectural tendencies made use of materials providad by the new industries (steal and concrete)
these new tendencies were the beginning of modern architecture
Cast-iron architecture
What is it?
it is a form of architecture prominent between 1850-1890
it used iron as building material, as in the case of the Eiffel Tower in Paris (designed by Gustave Eiffel to commemorate the centenary of the French revolution)
Who did it work?
the iron and steel industry produced cast-iron
it allowed the construction of large buildings with fewer supports
Libraries,(Sante Geneviève library in Paris), and train stations were some of the constructions built with this material.
In Spain
Velázquez Bosco built the Crystal Palace in Madrid with a cast-iron structure and glass walls
Modernist architecture
info
between 1890 and 1920
a new architectural style developed in Europe
it used the new materials such as iron, reinforced concrete and glass as constfruction and decorative materials
modernist architects
they designed every aspect of the building
including interior and exterior elements, (furniture and balconies)
predominant feature
there were curves and wavy lines
such as flowers and leaves
with organics motifs
In Europe
the Paris metro entrances were designed by modernist architect Hector Guimard
In Spain
Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926)
he practised coplete creativity liberty
he designed hexagonal balconies and curved structures with concrete
His most famous works included the
Casa Batlló
the Casa Milá
the church of the sagrada familia
Park Güell
Realism
info
it was a cultural movement (literary and artistic)
it was developed in Europe (1850-1870)
Realist works show scenes from everyday life
especially of the working class
What was?
it was a socially conscisious art
as it potrayed the hard working conditions of the labouers and reflected the social and economic situation
the figures in the paintings were paintes realistically and were no idealised
In Sculpture
f Constantin Meunier (The forger)
In painting
Jean François Millet painted peasants (Angelus)
Honoré Daumier painted the working class (The washerwoman)
Gustave Courbet painted different social classes (The painter's studio
In Spain
Martí i Alsina (La siesta)
He painted scenes of middle class life
Impressionism
what was it
was a style ofpainting and to some extent, sculpure
it began in France in 1870 and spread across Europe
It was a experimental style
artists tried to create an impression in the minds of the viewers
. It was significantly different from traditional painting and is considered to be the beginning of modern art
It was usually paunted outside, not in a studio
they painted scenes of everyday life (landscapes, dances)
The technique they used was innovative, using unmixed colours
Paint was applied in thick, overlapping layers, with fast, loose brushstrokes
important artist
Claude Monet (Impression: sunrise)
Édouard Manet (A bar at the Folies-Bergère)
August Renoir (The swing)
In Spain
oaquín Sorolla (Paseo a orillas del mar)
Dario Regoyos (Tendido de sombra)
Post-impressionism
info
from 1890 onwards
Impressionism was replaced by Post-Impressionism
This style hadn't common characteristis
each painter had their own style
Important artists
Vicent van Gogh
Henri de Toulouse-Laurtec
Edgar Degas
Paul Cézanne used geometric shapes, such as cubes, cylinders and spheres, to depict real objects
