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Qualitative Methods in Public Management - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Triangulation
        
        corroborate or
        complement findings
        
        increasing the validity of results
        
        gain multilevel understanding of the phenomenon
    - - Parallel design
        
        two parts of the research are to be conducted separately and compared
      - Sequential design
        
        quanti-qualitative (explanatory) design
        
        quali-quantitative (exploratory) design
        
        qualitative-quantitative-qualitative (hybrid) design
    - - Parallel
        
        assembly and comparison of results from the two diff methods
      - Sequential
        
        quanti-qualitative (explanatory)
        
        probability sampling - purposeful sampling
        
        quali-quantitative (exploratory)
        
        purposeful sampling - representative sampling
  - - - Selecting
        
        secure robust results & enhance validity
        
        multilevel understanding of a phenomenon or problem
        
        Did not specify any rationale for adoption of MMs (19%)
      - Sequencing
        
        Parallel (31%)
        
        quali (interview) + quanti (survey data): 38%
        quanti (archival data): 22%
        quali (interview): 6%
        
        enhance understanding (38%)
        validate findings (25%)
        
        Sequential (69%)
        
        quanti-qualitative (explanatory); 54%
        
        archival with interview (38%)
        survey with interview (31%)
        archival, survey with case study (15%)
        same methods (15%)
        
        quali-quantitative (exploratory) : 40%
        
        interview with survey (59%)
        interview with archival (14&)
        same interview (7%)
        
        hybrid : 6%
        
        interview - quantitative analysis - qualitative focus to understand the survey results
      - Connecting
        
        Parallel
        
        empirical context as a connecting device
        
        lack of compelling connecting point
        
        Sequential
        
        quanti-qualitative (explanatory)
        
        Execute adequaltely the connection between results
        
        quali-quantitative (exploratory)
        
        the qualitative interviews of the first phase informed the survey questions rarely showed how the survey questions were connected to the qualitative phase
      - Implications
        
        The reason for choosing a MM study should be explain more
        
        Call for a tighter combination of the findings obtained through separate research processes
- - - - Criteria is based on the evidence provided
      - Is a given interpretation credible?
    - - generalizability
      - replication
    - - Quanti and Deductive
        
        Positivist/Post-positivist
        
        Experimental & Quasi-experimental designs
        
        Econometrics models
        
        Survey methods
        
        Quantitative case studies
      - Quali and Inductive
        
        Interpretivist
        
        Narrative inquiry
        
        Qualitative case studies
        
        Ethnographic
        
        Phenomenological
        
        Historical analysis
        
        Participatory research
- - - - Sampling
        
        Sampling size
        
        Is the number of units sampled theoretically robust in both qualitative depth as well as representing important aspects of potential variability?
        
        inquiry driven, theoretically justified, and information rich
        
        be justified why the informants, texts, and/or cases selected should be considered of theoretical interest to the field
        
        capture the “typical case,” the “extreme case,” the disconfirming case, or the “unusual case.”
        
        stratified to represent informants from theoretically
        important sub-populations
      - Theoretically robust
        
        Is the phenomenon rare or infrequently encountered?
        
        Are the data rare or particularly difficult to obtain?
        
        Is the phenomenon simple or complex?
        
        Is the phenomenon new or well investigated in the literature?
        
        How information rich is each unit in relation to the phenomenon of interest?
        
        Is the same unit being engaged at multiple points in time?
    - - describe what data was considered relevant for a given
        research question and how this data was obtained
    - - whether the interpretation is credible in light of the data
      - whether it was the result of a robust and systematic analytical process designed to move beyond superficial findings and minimize and/or account for investigator bias
      - whether it is reported with sufficient attention to context so as to facilitate the potential relevance of insights to similar contexts