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Crime and Globalisation - Coggle Diagram
Crime and Globalisation
Supply and Demand
Growing global inequality, and poverty in the developing world, coupled with rising expectations generated by global media
This leads to factors that push people to emigrate to the developed Western countries where they think they will be better off
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Many illegal immigrants are in debt to the smuggling gangs, leading them into virtual slavery to repay debts, or women are forced into prostitution
In affluent developed countries, demand for illegal drugs provides a means of making money by drug-dealing for those deprived of other opportunities, and supply is met by poverty-stricken farmers in countries like Colombia, Bolivia and Afghanistan who gain the highest income.
Cultural Globalisation
Globalisation through mass tourism, migration and the influence of the media has spread a similar culture and ideology of consumerism across the globe
In media-saturated contemporary societies, everyone in developed and developing countries is constantly exposed to the ideology that the ‘good life’ lies in obtaining the consumer goods associated with affluent Western lifestyles
Young (a Left Realist) points out many people have little chances of achieving this, and a bulimic society encourages a turn to crime in many countries
Individualisation
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Any improvement to the living conditions and happiness of individuals now depends on their own efforts, and they can no longer count on the safety nets provided by the welfare state to protect them from unemployment or poverty
Taylor suggests individuals are left alone to weigh the costs and benefits of their decisions, and choose the course that brings them the best chances of gaining the highest rewards
Global Risk Society
Globalisation adds to the insecurity and uncertainty of in late modernity, and generates what Beck (1992) calls a ‘global risk society’
People become more ‘risk conscious’, and fearful of things like losing their jobs - Globalisation and migrants creates job insecurity and unemployment
The causes of these risks are often located globally, and it is not always easy to identify who is responsible
The media plays on these fears, with scare stories and moral panics induced by over-blown, sensationalized reporting of events like terrorist threats, gun crime, and threats to people’s ways of life and of growing social disorder allegedly posed by ‘scroungers’, arising from global population movements
These fuel hate crimes, where people are attacked or abused because of their ethnicity or religion