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Unit 5: Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5: Genetics
DNA
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Bases: aden., cyto., guan., thym.
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RNA
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Bases: aden., cyto., guan., uracil
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3 forms: mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
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tRNA: transfer RNA (attaches to amino acids and then transfers them to the ribosome during translation)
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Genetic Engineering
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Plasmid: a small circular piece of DNA that can have genes easily added to it (usually by using restriction enzymes)
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Central Dogma
Translation
mRNA is read by ribosomes and converted into a stretch of amino acids strung together, joined by a peptide bond. This creates the protein known as the polypeptide.
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Transcription
DNA is unwound which allows the enzyme RNA polymerase to begin adding bases to the growing chain, which creates the message (mRNA); this happens in the nucleus. Once the mRNA is built, it is sent to the cytoplasm (ribosomes) to be made into a protein