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Unit 5 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5
DNA
DNA's Nitrogenous bases
Adenine
Purines, molecules the have 2 rings in their structure
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Thymine
Pyrimidines, molecules that have only 1 ring in their structure
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The levels of Thymine and Adenine are about the same in DNA, and the levels of Guanine and cytosine are about the same since they are base pairs.
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RNA
forms of RNA
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tRNA - TransferRNA - attaches to amino acids and then transfers them to the ribosome during translation.
mRNA - Messenger RNA: the instructions for making a protein are encoded within its sequence of nucleotides.
RNA is made during a process called transcription, where a DNA sequence is copied into a sequence made of RNA bases that base pair by hydrogen bonding to the DNA molecule.
RNA includes the Sugar Ribose,
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RNA’s nitrogenous bases are Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine.
Uracil is a pyrimidine, like thymine from DNA. Similarly to thymine Uracil pairs with Adenine.
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Gene expression
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Then the mRNA moves to the ribosome to be translated into a protein by putting amino acids together.
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Biotech terminology
Genetic engineering - adding genes that could normally not be in an organism in order to make a particular protein.
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Plasmid - a small circular piece of DNA that can have genes easily added to it, usually by using restriction enzymes
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Translation - Translation has three steps, initiation, elongation, termination.
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Initiation: Transitional complex forms and tRNA brings the first amino acid in the polypeptide chain to bind to start codon on mRNA.
Transcription - The enzyme RNA polymerase finds the start of the gene and binds to the DNA. Once it attaches it begins to unwind the DNA and match complementary RNA bases to the template strand of the DNA and connects the RNA together to make the mRNA strand then it rewinds the DNA.
