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Lecture 6: Enzyme Regulation - Coggle Diagram
Lecture 6: Enzyme Regulation
Prosthetics
bond is PERMANENT, more stable intx
small metal ions (Mg Zn Fe)
small organic mol (sometimes vitamins too)
bind & deliver ions
hemoglobin needs HEME to deliver O2 to cells
if dissociates, enzyme inactivates & denatures
Allosteric Regulation
definition: a form of regulation where the enzyme binds anywhere besides the active site;
Activators bind to the secondary site, beforehand low/no affinity so no product being made, induces conformational change at active site on enzyme so substrate can bind
Increases affinity so product is made
Inhibitor binds to enzyme at secondary site, causing conformational change at active site
Causes low to no affinity so no product made
Process:
ENZ w/ LOW output
some affinity between E's acitve site & substrate
allosteric ACTIVATOR binds secondary site
causes conf change in active site--> INC E-S affinity
increases E rate of rxn, causes more product to be made
MORE product is made
little product is made
ENZ w/ ZERO output
NO affinity btwn E + S
NO product made
Allosteric ACTIVATOR binds to secondary site
causes conf change in active site --> INC affinity E+S
NOW substrate CAN bind, be modified, product is made (rate of rxn is increased)
ANY/MORE product is made
ENZ w/ HIGH output
Allosteric INHIBITOR bind to secondary site
causes conf change @ active site --> DECREASES E+S affinity
SUB won't bind (as much), no/low product is made
rxn rate is LOW--ZERO
HIGH affinity btwn E+S
ENZ w/ SOME output
Allosteric INHIBITOR bind to secondary site
cause conf change @ active site --> DECREASE E+S affinity
SUB WILL NOT BIND, NO product is made
rxn rate is ZEROOOO
okay-ish affinity btwn E+S
what is regulation?
COFACTOR = COPILOT for enzyme
small enough to fit at/near active site
Apo-enzymes: need cofactor to function
Holo-enzyme: cofactor is bound to apo-enzyme
induces conf change to INCREASE E-S affinity
ACTIVATORS
Coenzymes
temporary; weaker intx
larger organic mols: vitamins, nucleotides, dinucleotides
ex. NADH & FADH2 (electron carriers)
*deliver functional groups (ATP delivers PO4 group)
if it dissociates, enzyme remains intact