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Diesel Engine Emission Characteristics Study using Algae Biofuel (original…
Diesel Engine Emission Characteristics Study using Algae Biofuel (original research article by T. Satish and Dinesh Kumar Singaravelu)
works cited
Sathish, T., & Singaravelu, D. K. (2020 June). Diesel engine emission characteristics study using algae biofuel. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (JSIR), 79(06), 547-551.
abstract
The reason for this study was to identify the benefits of using algae based biofuel in motor vehicles. Most notably, there is less of a negative environmental impact when using algal biofuel over diesel. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
introduction
Pollution occurs mainly due to emission from mobile and stationary sources. These sources are often automobiles. Biodiesel not only has reduced negative impact on the environment due to its non-toxic and sulfur-free nature, but also is easier on a cars engine. Algae based biodiesel's high cetane number speeds up ignition time and even slows the temperature rise and reduces noise. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
methods
What was used as the solvent for liquid extraction?
hexane, due to it being less toxic than chloroform
Test Bench
single cylinder engine designed to operate at 0-2500 rpm
running conditions of engine
kept constant
fixed at 23 degree angle before TDC in the pressure of 220 bar.
An AVL 365C type angle encoder is installed on the crankshaft, allowing a resolution of 0.1 degree CA, with a +/- 3rpm of error. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
dynamometric brake
particle analyzer
exhaust gas analysis bay
how was the data measured?
mode acquisition consists of recording an average of 100 cycles.
each press was measured according to the type of sensor.
the sensor is cooled by water circulation
Parameters were controlled by Lab View software.
To measure emissions, an analysis bay is installed on the line exhaust gas outlet for analyzing the leading polluting gases. (CO2, CO, HC, NO, NOx, and particles.) The gases are dehydrated before further analysis.(Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
pollutants are measured using AVL's five gas analyzer. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
results and discussion
functional groups are mainly unchanged
algae oil contains 72.57% of unsaturated fatty esters and 22.03 poly unsaturated fatty acids. The latter are very active and much readily undergo auto and photo fixation. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
The CO emissions of the B20 Injection fuel are lower than that of diesel fuel due to the high oxygen content of the blend and complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
The HC emission in dual fuel mode are considerably lower than those in conventional mode. This can be attributed to improved combustion due to higher temperatures of the charge, and the rich nature of the mixture. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
HC emissions are lower for B20 injection fuel as compared to diesel fuel as a result of the improved combustion and higher cetane number. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
The concentration of the NOx emissions in the flue gases of the diesel engine are much higher than the engine operating in dual fuel mode. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
smoke opacity of the B20 injection fuel was notably lower than diesel and B20 blended fuels. The emissions of diesel fuel (70.13%) and B20 Blending (65%) increased when compared to the B20 injection fuel (57.15%). (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
conclusion
Overall the transformation of algae oil into biodiesel was confirmed from FT-IR and GC analysis. There was a significant decrease in polluting emissions when using the B20 blend over traditional diesel. (Satish, Singaravelu 2020)
importance
This kind of research can help in the search for more environmentally friendly alternative to diesel fuel. This can not only help reduce emissions, but also provide a viable source of energy for automobiles and other vehicles.