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India- Location, Extent, Political and Physical Division - Coggle Diagram

- - - - From south to north India extends between 8°4' N and 37°6' N latitudes.
        
        From west to east India extends between 68°7' E and 97°25' E longitudes.
        
        The difference between the two area is about 2 hours.
        
        the local time changes by 4 mins for every one degree of longitude.
        
        The sun rises two hours earlier in the eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh than in the western state of Gujrat.
        
        The local time of longitude 82°30' E has been taken as the "Indian Standard Time" for the whole country. This meridian or longitude is also termed as the " Standard Meridian of India".
- - - - River "Luni: is the only major river in this region.
        
        Barchans covers larger areas of the Indian desert which is also known as the Thar desert.
- - - - They stretch from the Bay of Bengal to Tamil Nadu.
      - They have deltas. Large rivers like Krishna, Kaveri, Godavari, Mahanadi drain the region and make deltas
      - The Eastern coast, is sandwiched between the Eastern ghats and the Bay of Bengal.
      - The northern part is referred to as the Northern Circar, while the southern part is known as the Coromandal coast
      - Lake Chilika and Lake Pulikat are important features along the eastern coast.
      - The plain along the Bay of Bengal are wide and level.
      - These plains lie in the states of Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
    - - They stretch from the Gujrat coast in the north to the Kerala coast in the south
      - The western coast, is sandwiched between the Western ghats and the Arabian Sea.
      - They have estuaries and lagoons. Rivers like Narmada and Tapti flow through the region
      - Mumbai, Marmagao, Mangalore and Kochi are important ports
      - These plains are narrow coastal strip.
      - It consists of three sections. The northern part of the coast is known as the Konkan, the central stretch is called as the Kannad Plain while the southern stretch is called the Malabar coast.
      - They lie in the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala
- - - - The part of the Peninsular Plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa Plateau is known as the Central Highlands
      - The Vindhyan Range is bounded by the Central Highlands on the south and the Aravallis on the northwest.
      - It is drained by rivers Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and Ken.
      - The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east .
      - The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chotanagpur Plateau marks the further eastward extension.
    - - The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of river Narmada.
      - The Satpura Range lies in the north while the Mahadev, the Kaimur Hills and the Maikal Range form the eastern extensions
      - It is drained by rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri.
      - The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and in the east it slopes gently.
      - An extension of the plateau is also seen in the northeast- locally known as Meghalaya and Karbi- Anglong Plateau.
      - Western and Eastern Ghats
        
        important features of Western ghats are:-
        
        Western ghats lie parallel to the western coast close to Arabian Sea.
        
        They extend from the mouth of river Tapi to Kanyakumari
        
        The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats
        
        The highest peak include the Anai Mudi (2,695 metres) and the Doda Betta (2,637 metres).
        
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        important features of Eastern ghats are:-
        
        Eastern Ghats lie parallel to the eastern coast close to the Bay of Bengal.
        
        They extend from Mahanadi Valley to up to Nilgiri hills.
        
        They have gentle slopes.
        
        The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.
- - - - They form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 kilometres.
        
        Himalayas have higher altitudes in the east as compared to the west.
        
        The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent.
        
        The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the 'Himadri'.
        
        The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged mountain system and is known as Himachal or Lesser Himalaya.
        
        Table 9.2 ( study from T.B.)
        
        The outer most range of Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks or the outer Himalayas
- - - - The plain is a densely populated physiographic division of India
        
        With fertile alluvial soil, adequate water supply and favourable climate, this region is agriculturally a very productive part of India.
        
        The northern Plain is broadly divided into three sections.
        
        The western part of the Northern Plain is referred to as the Punjab Plains.
        
        Formed by the Indus and its tributaries, a larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan.
        
        Tributaries like Sutlej lie in Punjab and Haryana.
        
        The Ganga Plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers.
        
        The ganga lies in the states of North India, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh; partly Jharkhand and West Bengal.
        
        This plain is formed by the alluvial soil deposits of river Ganga and its tributaries such as Ghagra, Yamuna, Gandak, Kosi, Chambel and Bettwa
        
        The Brahmaputra Valley is formed by the Brahmaputra River. Brahmaputra Plains lies in the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam.
        
        The ganga and the Brahmaputra rivers join in Bangladesh where they flow as one river called Padma.
        
        Together, they make the largest delta of the world namely the Ganga Brahmaputra Delta.