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Mary I - religious and economic changes - Coggle Diagram
Mary I - religious and economic changes
religious change
issues faced
many members of political elites had benefited from buying monastic lands - unlikely to support Mary in returning it to the Church
Protestantism was still a minority religion but had some strong supporters
using parliamentary legislation to reverse royal supremacy meant acknowledging that laws passed in Henry's reign were valid - placed statute law over divine law
first parliament - 1553
Act of Repeal - religious laws passed in Edward's reign were repealed, order of service returned to how it was in Henry VIII's reign - returned Church to 1547 state
third parliament - 1554-55
Mary gave up title of supreme head of the church of england - restored papal authority
delayed by issues around dissolved monastic lands - monastic lands did remain with the people that had bought them
Second Act of Repeal - undid all legislation since 1529 - reformed Church to before Henrician changes
suppression of Protestants
parliament reintroduced heresy laws in 1554 - to believe in a different religion to Mary was treason
burning of heretics - 283 Protestant martyrs were burned from 1555, notably Archbishop Cranmer (1556), Bishop Hooper and Bishop Ridley
mass exodus of 800 Protestants to Germany and Switzerland
married clergy were forced to choose between their families and their jobs
focus on pastoral responsibilities - Pole's legatine Synod showed bishops were to look after spiritual interests of member sof the diocese
intellectual developments
distanced from evangelical and Catholic humanism - Reginald Pole little influenced by humanism - humanism encourgaed religious reform and Mary didn't want this
religous thought was focused on Catholic reform - Pole emphasised the importance of papal supremacy
division among protestants - some accepted the 1552 prayer book and some wanted more radical reform
impact of religious change
Wyatt Rebellion 1554 - main cause was disapproval of Mary's marriage to Philip of Spain, but there were religious motives as Protestants feared introduction of a Catholic monarch
burned Protestants were viewed as martyrs reather than being rejected/looked down upon by the public - John Foxe's Book of Martyrs - burning of heretics failed to remove heresy
Mary's religious reforms may have been more effective if she had had more time - her reign was relatively short, meaning her policies didn't have time to become fully established
much of the population remained Catholic anyway
economic change
issue faced
poor harvests 1555 and 1556
sweating sickness 1557 and 1558 killed many people
inherited inflation from Henry VIII's debasement of coinage - exacerbated by other problems
increasing population size
war with France - heavy taxation
poor relief
enforced laws against grain hoarders
encouragement to convert pasture land to tillage
Court of the Exchequer took over Court of First Fruits and Tenths and Court of Augmentations (both related to Church revenue)
recoinage plan drawn up 1556-58 - although it was implemented my Elizabeth, the plan was drawn up by Mary
impact of economic change
Wyatt Rebellion 1554 - main cause was disapproval of Mary's marriage to Philip of Spain - economic motives as well due to decline in local cloth industry
difficult to measure impact of poor relief
for a country at war, the finances surprisingly competent - debt did not increase as much as it could have