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STRESS - Coggle Diagram
STRESS
Sources of stress
Daily pressures are stressors that occur in everyday life, aka hassles
Life events are stressors that force a person to change something about their lifestyle to cope with their new circumstances
Acculturative stress is a source of stress caused by the challenges of moving into a new and foreign culture
Major stress are stressors that present significant and negative threats to a person's wellbeing - they are objectively bad
Catastrophes that disrupt whole communities are large-scale, major upheavals that affect an interconnected community
Forms of stress
Stress is a psychological and biological experience that occurs when an individual encounters a stressor
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Coping with stress
Context-specific effectiveness is where there's a match between the coping strategy used and the demands of the stressor
Coping flexibility is an individual's ability to adjust their coping strategies depending on the unique and changing demands of a stressor
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Processes of stress
Biological
The fight-flight-freeze response is an involuntary, automatic biological response to a sudden stressor
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released in times of stress to aid the body in initiating and maintaining heightened arousal
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The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is a model of stress that details the biological stages of dealing with a persistent stressor
STAGE 1: Alarm reaction
Shock involves the body's ability to deal with a stressor failing and acting as if it's injured - temperature and blood pressure temporarily drop
Countershock is where the sympathetic nervous system responses occur - including the release of stress hormones (adrenaline and noradrenaline) from the adrenal glands
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STAGE 2: Resistance
The intense arousal of STAGE 1 diminishes through the parasympathetic nervous system, but physiological arousal remains above the normal level (even though heartrate and respiration may have slowed down)
High levels of stress hormones begin to suppress the functioning of the immune system, making an individual more susceptible to getting sick
Cortisol levels are sustained at a heightened level to maintain an increased ability to respond to the stressor
STAGE 3: Exhaustion
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People in this stage often experience fatigue, sickness, and in increased susceptibility to mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression, as well as more serious physical illnesses
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Psychological
Lazarus and Folkman’s Transaction Model of Stress and Coping is a model that helps to track and interpret an individual’s subjective psychological stress response
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