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explanations of mental illness - Coggle Diagram
explanations of mental illness
medical/ biological
biochemical
Bodies have a balance of chemicals that become unbalanced. Neurotransmitters are important to regulate different mental processors, so psychotherapy is a result of abnormal levels of action
dopamine hypothesis
Excess levels of dopamine in lower regions of the brain (speech production),
Auditory hallucinations (Sz),
Reduced levels of dopamine in pre-frontal cortex,
Incoherent thoughts.
monoamine hypothesis
Stressful life event, reduction in serotonin levels,
Failure to regulate normal dopamine and noradrenaline functions,
Leads to major depression.
brain abnormality
Mental illness could also be a result of other aspects of brain structure and function.
in depression, evidence that frontal lobes (thinking) are significantly smaller, could lead to symptoms of irrational thoughts and feelings of worthlessness.
In Sz, can be seen that left side of brain (language) doesn’t function properly, leading to symptoms like incoherent speech.
Research into Sz also found lower levels of activity in the ventral striatum (reward).
dopamine hypothesis
Certain disorders can be passe from parent to child through genetic transference. Looks mainly at concordance rates from twin studies. If 100% concordance rate, genetics is only explanation needed (rarely the case).
For Sz, 53% concordance rate for Mz twin’s vs 12% for Dz twins.
alternative
behaviourist
We are born as a blank slate, behaviour Is learned or acquired.
Phobia- learnt through process of conditioning classical conditioning
Development of phobia is learnt through association.
Little albert:
Unconditioned stimulus (US),
Unconditioned response (UR),
Neutral stimulus (NS),
Conditioned stimulus (CS),
Conditioned response (CR)
NS (rat)- no fear
US=UR
US (bang) + NS (rat)=UR (fear)
CS (rat)- CR (fear)
Causing disorders: positive reinforcement=
Reward= repeated.
cognitive
Behaviour is a result of faulty internal processing of information.
-negative view of self
-negative view of the future
-negative view of their world
Beck theorised the negative cognitive triad:
Beck believed that difficult early experiences and dysfunctional beliefs may lead to development of negative triad.
psychodynamic
Heavily influenced by Freud.
Not based on scientific evidence but what patients have said to therapists.
Emphasises Influence of unconscious mind on symptoms and the influence of early trauma and quality of early relationships on later mental health.
Cold rejecting mother,
Ego becoming weak,
Ego cannot control ID and Superego,
ID takes over= Leads to distorted view of reality,
Sz symptoms e.g.: hallucinations/ delusions,
Schizophrenia.