Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
non communicable diseases - Coggle Diagram
non communicable diseases
risk factors for disease
genetics (unchangeable)
lifestyle
:
smoking
lack of exercise
overeating/ diet
obesity
alcohol
environment
:
ionizing radiation
UV light from the sun
second-hand tobacco smoke
exposure to carcinogens
certain lifestyle factors, or environmental substances, have been shown to increase your risk of developing particular diseases
we have the power to influence, change, or remove many of these risk factors
alcohol
drinking too much alcohol has been shown to cause
liver disease
liver
breaks down
alcohol, but the reaction can
damage
the
cells
too much alcohol can also affect
brain function
too. it can
damage
the
nerve cells
in the brain, causing the brain to
lose volume
alcohol can damage an
unborn babies cells
affecting its development
smoking
smoking when pregnant
reduces
the amount of
oxygen
the baby receives in the womb and can cause lots of
health problems
for the unborn baby.
has been proven to directly cause
cardiovascular disease, lung disease
and
lung cancer
damages the
walls
of
arteries
and the cells in the
linings
of the lungs
radiation/ sun exposure
cancer can be caused directly from
exposure
to certain
substances
or
radiation
.
things that cause cancer are called
carcinogens
they work in different ways
some
damage
a cell's DNA in a way that makes them more likely to divide uncontrollably
obesity
can directly cause
type 2 diabetes
, by making the blood less sensitive to insulin, meaning the body struggles to
control
the
concentration
of
glucose
in the blood
lack of exercise
a lack of exercise and a
high fat diet
are heavily linked to an increased chance of
cardiovascular disease
cancer
Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell growth and division.
The uncontrolled growth of cells is called a tumour.
benign tumor
usually grows slowly
usually grows within the cell membrane and can be easily removed
does not normally grow back
does not spread around the body
can cause damage to organs and can be life- threatening
malignant tumor
cancerous
usually grows rapidly
can spread around the body, via the bloodstream
cells can break away and cause secondary tumors to grow in other areas of the body (metastasis)
the
malignant cells
can be carried through the blood and spread cancer to other organs/ rest of the body
Cancer is cell division that is out of control or abnormal
smoking causes cancer mainly in the lungs because the
tar
from the smoke is more
concentrated in the lungs
and when smoke is inhaled is first enters the lungs.
the name for diseases that cannot be spread are
Non-communicable diseases
diseases that are linked to obesity are
cardiovascular disease and heart attacks
an obese person can return to a healthy weight by
exercising regularly
and
eating less
, so the energy used up is greater than the energy taken in so body mass is used as an energy source
the more people sat in offices means less people are exercising and therefore using less energy. Also the more processed food eaten the more fat/ sugar going into the body, therefore increasing peoples energy intake
smoking can cause a heart or circulatory disorder
An obese person has an increased chance of suffering from a heart attack because there is a
higher level of fat
, therefore causes fatty build ups in the
coronary arteries
, so that causes them to get blocked and
reduce the blood flow
so
less oxygen
reaches the heart muscles
correlation vs causation
A
correlation
is a link between a factor of a disease and the disease itself, so as one increases so does the other, yet the risk factor
doesn’t necessarily cause the disease
.
a
causation
means that if there is an increase in the risk factor, there is an increase in the incidence of the disease
mutation is a change in DNA
An increasing number of people are using e-cigarettes as an alternative to traditional cigarettes. Research is being carried out into the potential harmful effects of e-cigarettes on a person’s health.
Explain how scientists could conduct a study to investigate the effect of e-cigarettes on human health.
They could have a group of 1000+ volunteers, around the same age and repeat the study for women and men and different age groups. half of the volunteers would be e-cigarette users and half of the volunteers be non-smokers. Then the scientists would have to monitor the groups health over a period of time. This would be reliable as there would be a large sample size and repeated over many groups of different ages in different countries.