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HEALTH BIOTECHNOLOGY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A long hollow needle is pierced through the abdominal wall and a syringe is used to suck the fluid.
        
        About 20 ml of the fluid is obtained and it is centrifuged to obtain the cells shed from the skin or alimentary canal.
        
        Dead cells may be separated to use for sex determination and abnormal genes.
        
        Living cells are cultured to increase their numbers and to analyze their cell division.
  - - - A long hollow needle is pierced through the abdominal wall and a syringe is used to suck the cells. Another way is a catheter through the vagina.
        
        The cells obtained are living and dividing. They can be used directly to test for genetic diseases or karyotype analysis.
  - - - This procedure is performed using continuous ultrasound guidance to place a needle through the maternal abdomen into a tiny fetal blood vessel.
        
        A sample of fetal blood can then be sent for testing.
        
        This procedure is performed to :-
        
        Determine blood type
        
        Diagnose genetic or chromosome abnormalities
        
        Diagnose possible fetal infections
        
        Identify possible fetal anemia (low red blood cell count)
        
        Identify possible low platelet count
- - - - The enzyme glucose oxidase is immobilised with a solid medium on the surface of the strip of paper2. This enzyme will oxidise the glucose into hydrogen peroxide](https://example.com)
      - This enzyme will oxidise the glucose into hydrogen peroxide
      - Hydrogen peroxide in the strip will oxidise an indicator chemical which changes colour to varying intensity
      - The exact colour change is related to the concentration of the glucose
- - - - Replacing a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy of the gene.
      - Inactivating, or “knocking out,” a mutated gene that is functioning improperly.
      - Introducing a new gene into the body to help fight a disease.