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Kant - Coggle Diagram
Kant
Criticisms
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Personhod issues - women, PoC - does this undermine logical thinking - not practical for todays world??
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Lack of emotion - takes compassion out of morality - would not work in practise - Schinder's list seeing people being shot spurs moral action - emotion causes moral motivation - goes against our nature to act with emotion
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Categorical Imperative
autonomy (where we exercise our morality) instead of heteronomy (free will is reduced do x to achieve y)
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4 examples
suicide : contradiction in law of nature - universilizatio would mean world could no longer function, also uses people as a mere means to an end
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rusting of talents - contradiction of the will - we would not want for everyone to stop contributing
BUT : this does not take into account individual circumstances i.e. people may not have the time to develop talents, mental illnesses
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Duty
reflection of good will - act is not good due to what it accomplishes - good will is only unqualified good
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compare to inclination, animalistic self - worse
W.D. Ross
intuitionist : moral person inruitevly knows what is good, id conflicting duty should follow overriding duty
BUT : Iis this accessible, will people acutely know what overriding duty is
6 Prima Facie duties : fidelity, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self-improvement, non-maleficence
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Kantian metaphysics
noumenal vs phenomenal
phenomenal : our perception of world, animalistic, desires
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synthetic a priori : based on reason/rational justification, but use CI to test morality (not true purely within itself
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Against Utilitarianism - leaves rights vulnerable, pleasure does not make things right, basing morality on preference removes dignity