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Comparison of Approaches - Coggle Diagram
Comparison of Approaches
Views on Development:
Psychodynamic - Psychosexual stages explain development in childhood, but Freud saw little development after the genital stage
Cognitive - Schemas play a role in intellectual development as they become more complex with age, stage theories have played a role in understanding child development
Biological - Maturation is an important principle (genetic changes in physiological status influence psychological and behavioural characteristics)
Humanistic - See the development of the self as ongoing throughout life, but childhood is important for development (unconditional positive regard)
Behaviourist + SLT - Do not offer coherent stages of theories of development (born as 'clean slates'), but see processes that support learning as continuous, occurring at any age
Nature vs Nurture:
Biological, behaviourists and SLT are furthest apart in the nature vs nurture debate
Behaviourists characterised babies as 'clean slates' suggesting that behaviour is a result of associations/reinforcement/observation/imitation
Biologists argue that behaviour is a result of genetic blueprint (genotype, phenotype)
Psychodynamic - behaviour is driven by biological instincts and drives but also saw that relationships with parents play a fundamental role in future development
Humanists - also regard family/friend relationships/ wider society as having an impact on a person's self concept
Cognitive - recognise that info processing abilities and schemas are innate but are constantly refined through experience
Reductionism: the belief that human behaviour can be most effectively explained by breaking it down into basic parts
Behaviourism is reductionist - breaks up complex behaviour into stimulus-response units for ease testing in the lab
SLT reduce complex learning to processes eg imitation but place emphasis n cognitive factors that mediate learning, and how these interact with external influences
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Cognitive - accused of being too reductionist by presenting humans as computers and disregarding human emotion
Humanistic is holistic - investigates all aspects of the individual, including the effects of interaction with others and wider society
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