Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System- Kaylyn Ganiron (p.5) - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System- Kaylyn Ganiron (p.5)
MAJOR COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
Major components
Plasma (the liquid matrix)
RBC (for respiratory gas transport)
WBC (for fighting infection)
Platelets (for stoppage of bleeding)
Functions:
transporting oxygen and nutrients
regulating body temp
bring waste products to kidneys and liver
protecting body against foreign substances
a type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix
BLOOD TYPES
Type A
has A antigens on RBC membranes and anti-B antibodies in the plasma
Type B
has B antigens on RBC membranes and anti-A antibodies in the plasma
Type AB
has both A and B antigens on RBC membranes, but neither type of antibodies in the plasma; universal recipient
Type O
has neither antigen on RBC membranes, but both types of antibodies in the plasma; universal donor
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Supply body with nutrients
Remove waste fluids and products from body
Transport/ circulate oxygen
Protects body against infection, viruses, and diseases
Blood clotting to prevent bleeding out
Regulate body temp
LAYERS OF THE HEART
Coverings:
(2 portions) Pericardium = membranous sac that encloses the heart
i. outer = fibrous
ii. inner = serous
parietal = outer layer, lines inner surface of the fibrous
visceral/ epicardium = inner layer, covers the heart
paricardical cavity = space between the visceral and parietal layers
wall of the heart
i. epicardium (visceral pericardium) = outermost layer
ii. myocardium = middle layer
iii. endocardium = inner layer
BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART AND BODY
IVC to right atrium to tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery to lungs
deoxygenated blood
lungs to pulmonary vein to bicuspid valve to left ventricle to aortic valve to aorta
oxygenated blood
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLOOD VESSEL TYPES
Arteries
Thick walls
Small lumen
Transports blood away from heart
Carries high-pressure blood
Veins
Thin walls
Large lumen
Transports blood to heart
Carries low-pressure blood
Both have the same 3 wall layers; tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS
Veins = transport blood toward the heart, function as blood reservoirs, venous blood
Capillaries = vessels that run between arteries and veins
Arteries = usually transport blood away from the heart, carries high-pressure blood
Arterioles = a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries
Venules = very small vein
VITAL SIGNS (BP AND PULSE)
BP
usually refers to systemic artial pressure
BP exists all through the cardiovascular systems...no BP in veins
BP = cardiac output x peripheral resistance
baroreceptor reflexes = sense change in BP
vasoconstriction = increase BP
vasodialation = decrease BP
decreases with the distance from heart
Pulse points
Radial
Brachial
Carotid
Popliteal
Posterior
Dorsalis
DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Myocardial infarcation (Heart Attack)
blood flow to port of the heart is blocked
Causes: blood clot, stress, smoking
Symptoms: chest pain, sweating, shortness of breathe
Treatment options: coronary bypass, open heart surgery, angioplasty
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
arteries narrow and reduced blood flow to extremities
Causes: smoking, diabetes, high BP
Symptoms: leg and arm pain, weak pulse, hair loss on arms and legs
Treatment options: medication, bypass surgery, lifestyle changes
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Causes: diabetes, high BP, aneurysm
Symptoms: severe headache, memory loss, confusion
Treatment options: blood thinners, physical therapy, thrombolytics
Endocarditis & Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart
Causes: recent surgery, heart valve damage, virus, bacterial, or fungal infection
Symptoms: fever, fatigue, chest pain
Treatment options: medication, reduced activity, antibiotics
Congential Heart Disease
issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth
Causes: aortic stenosis, tricuspid atresia, pulmonary stenosis
Symptoms: may cause death, dependent on condition, cyanosis
Treatment options: medication, surgical intervention, same abnormalities may heal on their own