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properties & elements of group 1 (The alkali metals), image - Coggle…
properties & elements of group 1 (The alkali metals)
Symbols
lithium- Li
Sodium- Na
potassium- K
rubidium-Rb
cesium- Cs
Trends in Atomic Radius
Since one electronic shell is being added per element, as we go from top to bottom, so is the atomic radius increasing as you go down the Group 1 elements
General Trend- Increase in atomic radius down the group
francium largest Atomic radius(348 pm)
cesium- 5th Atmoic Radius (225pm)
rubidium- 4th Atomic Radius (211pm)
potassium- 3rd Atomic Radius(196pm)
sodium- 2nd Second Radius (154 pm)
lithium- Smallest Atomic Radius (134 pm)
Electron
Configuration
Lithium- 2,1
sodium-2,8,1
potassium- 2,8,8,1
rubidium- 2,8,18,8,1
cesium-2,8,18,18,8,1
francium- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1
The shells of the electrons are increasing per element, ranging from 2-6 , therefore increasing the electronic configuration
Reactivity
as we go down the group, size of atomic shell increases significantly and the attraction between the electron and the outermost shell, starts to weaken, making it easier to lose electrons, therefore making them more reactive, as we go down
Lithium (Least Reactive)- Lithium floats in water and only fizzles out until it grows small in size and eventually disappears.
Sodium (2nd)- Much like Lithium sodium also fizzes but before disappearing it can produce hydrogen and even burn
Potassium(3rd)- Potassium moves rapidly yet it also can cause a flame or ignite almost immededlty or very fast, it can have sparks too, their is known to be some form of small exposition as well..
3 main elements when it comes to reactivity>>>
melting points
lithium- 180.5°C
sodium-97.72 °C
potassium 63.38°C
rubidium-39.31 °C
cesium-28.44 °C
Both the melting and boiling points decrease down the group.
Boiling Points
Lithium- 1,342 °C
Sodium- 883*C
potassium-759°C
rubidium - 688*C
cesium-671*c
Density
The density of alkali metals increases from top to bottom
main 3 ones
Lithium- 0.534
Sodium- 0.971
Potassium- 0.862
Softness
increases down the group with increasing atomic number
are soft (they can be cut with a knife)
