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Authors: Jon Tifone, Tim S. Mara, Yanan Sheng， Juliet Lim, Suzanne,…

- - - - Emotional
        
        Racism
        
        Discrimination
      - Physical
        
        Bullying
        
        Parental Violence
        
        Torture
      - Sexual
        
        Molestation
        
        Rape
        
        FGM
    - - Foster care /Adoption
      - Parental issues (Divorce, Imprisonment)
      - Domestic Violence, intimate partner violence
      - Mental illness within family
      - Substance abuse
      - Adult Responsibilities (For example needing to parent younger siblings due to parental incapacity, think heavy alcoholism. Or primary income again due to incapacity or neglect of parents.
    - - Physical Neglect (Lack of food housing or other resources that are available to the family or guardian)
      - Emotional Neglect (The withholding of love or positive emotional interaction. Can be intentional on the part of guardians or the result of trauma or emotional damage that makes the guardians incapable of engaging healthily.)
    - - Terrorism and war
      - Poverty
      - Natural disaster
      - Refugee
      - Accidents or injuries (e.g. house fire or car collision)
  - - - In School
      - In Classroom
        
        Routine
        
        Positive transitions
        
        Positive Entry to class/school
        
        Predictable behavior by teachers/staff
        
        Informal feedback
    - - Professional
        
        Not always available
      - In School
        
        Empathy
        
        Positive distractions
        
        Identify and articulate emotion
    - - Empathy
      - 1 on 1 time
      - Learn students home culture
    - - Student discover identity
        
        Reading/storytelling
        
        Exploring diversity
      - Community/School involvement
      - A voice in the classroom
    - - We must understand ourselves before really helping others
      - Practice mindfullness
      - Teach and re-teach expectations
  - - - Poor study habits
      - Insufficient time allocated to learning
      - Prior skill deficits
      - Difficult concentrating
    - - Missed School
      - Disengagmeent
      - Substance abuse
      - Alcoholism
      - Binge Drinking
      - Lack of physical activity. Decline in personal maintenance.
    - - Trust issues
      - Fear of vulnurability
      - Sexual Misconduct
      - Difficulty acting cohesively in groups
      - Difficulties with nonverbal communication
    - - Unintentional weight loss
      - Over-reacting to stimuli (e.g. physical contact and doors slamming)
      - Frequent (complaints of) headaches or stomachaches
      - Withdrawal from other people and activities
    - - Difficulties with emotion regulation(e.g. Irritability and increased distress)
      - Emotional numbness
      - Low self-confidence
      - Rapid changes in heightened emotions (e.g., extremely sad to angry)
      - Change in ability to interpret or respond appropriately to social cues
  - - - In School
      - Out of School
      - With the Family
    - - Online
      - Within the Family
      - In School
      - Societal
  - - - familial link
      - Sleep disorder
      - Language Deficits
  - - - Easily being distracted
      - Eating habits changed suddenly
      - Being dramatically emotional
      - Exhibiting adult-like sexual behaviors, language and knowledge
      - Considering of self or body as repulsive, dirty or bad
    - - Create a family safety plan if sees warning signs.
      - Take notes on pattern behaviors, and observe what make children unsafe.
      - Listen to students' stories
      - Create a safe and comfortable environment.
      - Support the healing process.
  - - - Child Trauma Academy
      - The National Child Traumatic Stress Network website
  - - - Anxiety
      - Behavior Issues
      - Criminal Behavior
      - Depression
      - Drug and Alcohol Problems
      - Eating Disorders
      - Suicidal attempts or toughts
    - - Broken or fractured bones
      - Burns
      - Bruises
      - Scarring
      - Bite marks
    - - People that are drugs and alcohol dependent
      - People with mental health disorders
      - People living under poor housing conditions
      - People with unstable relationships
      - Low income people
      - People that suffer domestic abuse
      - People without a support system
    - - Tell an adult you trust! This can be hard because you might have been frightened into staying quiet, but it's important to keep telling until an adult gets help and the abuse stops.
      - How Do You Know Something Is Abuse?
        
        When someone touches you (Sexual): When someone touches your private parts.
        
        When someone doesn't provide you with the basics to stay alive (Neglecting): When someone denies you water or food, access to a bathroom or clean clothes/environments.
        
        When you are getting hurt (Physical): When someone grabs, pinches, punches or does any action that will cause pain.
        
        When you are getting hurt (Emotional): When someone is directing hate comments towards you, uses mean language and bad words to refer to you.
      - Child abuse can happen anywhere: at home, school, childcare, at a friend's house, or even in a church or other religious building.
      - If you don't have a trusted adult to turn to, tell someone on the phone or by text at a hotline service in your country.
    - - Responding appropriately to children’s disclosures
      - Supporting the healing process
      - Knowing and watching for signs of possible
        exposure to violence
      - Creating a safe environment where the student knows it is ok to express what is happening.
  - - - No schedule for Eating
      - Inability to eat with friends
      - Embarassed about weight gain
      - Took a long time to speak openly with counselors
      - Hides food in both desk and bookbag
      - Disorder stemmed from being homeless and hungry from age 6-10
    - - https://youtu.be/xRJp3s1HzuE
  - - - Trouble forming relationships with teachers
      - Poor self-regulation
      - Negative thinking
      - Executive function challenges
- - - - talking about suicide or death
      - hinting that they might not be around anymore
      - writing songs, poems, or letters about death
      - giving away treasured possessions
      - losing interest in school, classmates, sports, or other activities
      - engaging in risky behaviors
- - - - Responding Trauma in your classroom
        
        Common Trauma Symptoms in Students
        and Helpful Strategies for Educators