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Cardiovascular Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Period 6 Honors Anatomy - Coggle…
Cardiovascular Yoselin Orozco Madrigal Period 6 Honors Anatomy
Layers of heart:
Pericardium:
Parietal layer:
lines internal surface of pericardium
Visceral layer:
external surface of heart
Myocardium:
middle layer of heart wall
Endocardium:
innermost layer, & lines heart chamber
Epicardium:
superficial layer of heart wall
ABO,Rh blood types:
ABO:
depends on presence and absence of two genes which are the A,B & O genes
Rh blood types:
inherent protein found on surface of red blood cells
Rh negative:
means you don't have the protein
Rh positive:
means you have the protein (most common blood type)
Cardiovascular system:
Heart is a transport system consisting of two side by side pumps.RIGHT SIDE pumps deoxygenated blood from tissues (pumps blood to lungs) and LEFT SIDE receives oxygenated blood from lungs ( pumps blood to body)
Disorders of Cardiovascular system:
Pericarditis:
Infection of heart inflammation of pericardium
Myocardial Infection (heart attack):
coronary blockage that will lead into heart attack due to no blood in heart
Arrthythmias:
irregular heart rhythms
Fibrillation:
rapid, irregular contractions
Heart murmur:
abnormal heart sounds indicating valve problems
Congestive Heart Failure:
Co is so low that blood circulation is inadequate meaning it will be too weak
Multiple Myocardial Infractions:
heart becomes weak
Varicose Veins:
dilated & painful veins due to leaky veins, often hereditary
Blood flow through heart & body:
Pulmonary veins (blood vessel)
Left Atrium
R/L Lungs
Bicuspid valve
Pulmonary trunk/artery (blood vessel)
Left ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Right ventricle (chaber)
Aorta
Tricuspid valve
Upper/lower body
Right atrium
Systemic veins
Superior/Inferior vena cava
Vital signs (BP & Pulse):
Blood Pressure:
force on wall of blood vessels by blood
Systolic Pressure:
pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction
Diastolic Pressure:
lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest
Systemic Pressure:
highest in aorta & declines throughout pathway
Pulse:
Throbbing of arteries due to difference in pulse pressures
Vital Signs:
Pulse & blood pressure along respiratory rate & body temperature
Radial Pulse:
taken at wrist and is most used
Pressure points:
stop bleeding & preventing hemorrhaging
Major blood vessels ( artery & veins):
Tunica Media:
middle layer composed of smooth muscle and sheets of elastin ( MAINTAIN BLOOD FLOW & PRESSURE)
Vasoconstriction:
decreased lumen diameter
Vasodialation
increased lumen being the bulkiest layer responsible for blood flow and blood pulse :
Tunica Extrema:
outermost layer of wall that protects & reinforces wall ( PROTECT & REINFORCE WALL)
Tunica Intima:
inner most layer and in intimate contact with blood (REDUCES FRICTION)
Endothelium:
simple sqamous epthalium that is continuous with endocardium
Subendothelial Layer:
connective tissue basement membrane
Cardiac cycle & ECG:
Intrinsic Cardiac Condition System:
Initiate & distribute impulses to coordinate depolarization and contraction of heart
Sequence of Excitation:
Subendocardial Conducting Network (Purkinje Fibers):
compare pathway through interventicle septum into apex & ventricular walls
Right & Left Bundle Branches:
two pathways in interventricular septum caring impulses toward apex of heart
Atrioventricular Bundle:
in superior interventricular septum as an electrical connection between atria & ventricles
Atrioventricular Node:
in inferior interatrial septum
Sinoatrial Node:
In right atrial wall that generates impulses
ECG main features:
QRS complex:
ventricular depolarization & atrial repolarization
T-wave:
ventricular repolarization
P-wave
: depolarization of SA node & atria
Heart Sounds:
Second:
closing sound of SL valves at beginning of ventricular diastole
Pause:
indicates heart relaxation
First:
closing sound of AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole
Concepts and function of blood:
Heart pumps blood out to system via single systemic artery the
aorta.
Blood returning to heart is delivered via terminal systemic veins
superior/inferior vena cava
Pulmonary circulation:
short loop that runs from heart to lungs & back to heart
Systemic circulation:
long loop to all parts of body & back to heart.
Vascular system:
consists of 2 main circulations
Structural & Functional differences between arteries, veins and capillaries:
Arteries:
carry blood away from heart which is oxygenated
Arterioles:
smallest of all arteries controlling flow
Muscular Arteries:
rise to muscular arteries active in vasoconstriction
Elastic Arteries:
acts as pressure reservoirs that expand and recoil blood ejected from heart
Capillaries:
direct contact with cell tissue serving cellular needs
Vascular Shunt:
directly connects arteriole with venules
Precapillary Sphincter:
valve regulation of blood flow
Capillary Bed:
capillaries between arterioles & venules
Veins:
carry blood towards heart and is deoxygenated expect pulmonary circulation
Venous Valves:
prevent backflow of blood
Venous Sinuses:
flattened veins with thin walls
Venules:
capillaries that are together
Anatomy of heart (chambers & valves):
Receiving chambers of heart:
Right atrium:
Receives blood returning from superior & inferior vena cava is also deoxygenated
Left atrium:
receives blood returning from pulmonary veins
Pumping Chambers of heart:
Left ventricle:
pumps blood through bicuspid valve (posterior surface)
Right Ventricle:
pumps blood through tricuspid valve (most of anterior surface)
Semilunar valves:
Pulmonary Semilunar valve:
located between right ventricle & pulmonary trunk
Aortic Semilunar valve:
between left ventricle & aorta
Atrioventricular valves:
Mitral valve:
left AV valve between left atrium & left ventricle
Chordae Tendineae:
heart strings of the heart
Tricuspid valve:
right AV valve between right atrium & right ventricle
Superior vena cava:
returns blood from body regions above diagram
Inferior vena cava:
returns blood from body regions below diagram
Papillary Muscle:
anchor chordae tendineae